Slide 1

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به نام خدا

MD DEPARTMENT

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Introduction

Applicable code

Parts of AST

Types of AST

Construction

Typical damages of AST

Cryogenic storage tank

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Storage tanks are a familiar part of our industrial landscape.They are used to store a multitude of different products andcome in a range of sizes, from small to truly gigantic.

The ability to store large quantities of liquid and gaseousproducts was an essential element in the development of anumber of industries.

More recently the liquid natural gas (LNG) trade,accounting for the bringing to markets of some 20% of theworld’s natural gas, would not be possible without thedevelopment of large scale cryogenic storage units at bothexport and import terminals.

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Storage Tank Design

ATM

AWA

API650

P<2.5 Psi

BSCODE2654

EN14015

LPT

API620

2.5 < P < 15 Psi

EN14620

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Bottom

Shell

Roof

Annular plate

Wind girder

Stairway

Flash type-clean out fitting

Rafter

Girder

Water spray sys.

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√Foundation construction

Shape of the bottom

Type of the foundation construction

√Double bottom

Material

Detection

√Fixed roof

shape

Supporting

√Floating roof

position

construction

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Foundation construction

Shape of the bottom

cone up

cone down

flat with slope

flat without slop

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Foundation construction

Type of the foundation construction

earth foundations without a ringwall

reinforced concrete ring wall foundation

reinforced concrete slab

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Material ( steel, polymer)

Detection

passive system

continuously activated vacuum system

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Self-supporting roof

cone roof - they are economical when thevolumes are up to 2 000 m3

dome roof - they are economical when thevolumes are bigger than 2 000 m3. Steel domeroof could be applied when the volumes are upto 70 000 m3 ( diameter D < 65 m ).

Supported roof

 cone roof – they can be applied in all existingvolumes of the tanks;

 hanging roof - they are still experimental.

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They are applied when store volatileproducts and/or the tanks themselves havebig volumes

According to their position:- external floating roof- internal floating roof

According to their construction:- single deck floating roof;- double deck floating roof.

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http://www.mc-integ.com/uploadedimages/frangible.jpg

A Frangible roof is a roof to shell joint or junction that is weakerthan the rest of the tank and will preferentially fail if the tank isover pressurized.

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rolls method

sheet by sheet (classical) method

lifting method

Tank Jacking

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Settlement of the tank

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elephant’s foot buckling

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floating roof damage

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Collapse under vacuum

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TYPES OF STORAGE

PRESSURIZED STORAGE

SEMI-REFRIGERATED STORAGE

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE STORAGE

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AMMONIA

-33

AMMONIA

-33

BUTANE

-0.5

BUTANE

-0.5

PROPANE

-42

PROPANE

-42

ETHANE

-88

METHANE

-161

PROPYLENE

-47

PROPYLENE

-47

BUTADIENE

-4.5

BUTADIENE

-4.5

ETHYLENE

-103

ETHYLENE

-103

LNG

-162

NITROGEN

-195

NITROGEN

-195

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Cool down nozzle

Insulation

LTD measurement

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Insulation

Base

Perliteblock

Mineralwool

Hardwood

Foamglass

Wall

Looseperlite

PUF

Roof

Fiberglass

Looseperlite

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•Containment addresses the question:

What if the tank leaks?

SINGLE CONTAINMENT

DOUBLE CONTAINMENT

FULL CONTAINMENT

MEMBRANE TANK

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1 primary container (steel)

①

3 foundation

③

4 foundation heating system

④

6 roof (steel)

⑥

7 loose fill insulation

⑦

8 outer steel shell (not capable of containing liquid)

⑧

9 bund wall

⑨

2 bottom insulation

②

5 suspended roof (insulated)

⑤

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2 secondary container (steel or concrete)

②

4 foundation

④

5 foundation heating system

⑤

6 suspended roof (insulated)

⑥

7 roof (steel)

⑦

8 loose fill insulation

⑧

1 primary container (steel)

①

9 outer shell (not capable of containing liquid)

⑨

10 cover (rain shield)

⑩

3 bottom insulation

③

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1 primary container (steel)

2 secondary container (steel)

2 bottom insulation

3 foundation

4 foundation heating system

5 suspended roof (insulated)

6 roof (steel)

7 loose fill insulation

8 concrete roof

9 pre-stressed concrete outer tank (secondary container)

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What makes ammonia storage special?

Flammability

Toxicity

Latent heat

Electrical conductivity

Stress corrosion cracking

The truly lethal nature of the gas meansthat special measures are required for thedesign,

construction and especially the operationof storage facilities.

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Prestressed concrete has become the most commonly used

Material for the outer containers of full containment lowtemperature tanks.

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THANK YOU