•Introduction.
Apple andEnvironment
•Climate Change. Materials Efficiency.
•Energy Efficiency. Packaging
Main factors thataffect theenvironment
•Recycling.
Conclusion
Apple believes that improving the environmental performance of ourbusiness starts with our products. The careful environmental
management of our products throughout their life cycles includescontrolling the quantity and type of materials used in
their manufacturing, improving their
energy efficiency, and designing for better
recyclability.
The information below details the
life cycle environmental performance
of iPhone 3G as
it relates to climate change, energy
efficiency, restricted substances and material
efficiency.
Greenhouse gas emissions have an impact onthe planet’s balance of land, ocean, and
air temperature.
Most of Apple’s corporate greenhouse gasemissions come from the
production, transport, use and recycling of itsproducts. Apple seeks to minimize greenhousegas emissions by setting stringent design-related goals for material and energyefficiency.
The chart below provides the estimated life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions for iPhone 3G.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions for iPhone 3G
Climate Change
Greenhouse gas emissions: Estimated emissions are calculated in accordance with
guidelines and requirements as specified by ISO14040 and ISO14044. Calculation
includes emissions contributing to Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years) in CO2equivalency factors (CO2e).
• Production: Includes the extraction, production, and transportation of rawmaterials; the manufacture, transport, and assembly of all parts as well as productpackaging.
• Transport: Includes air and sea transportation of finished product and its associated
packaging from manufacturing site to continental distribution hub. Transport of
products from distribution centers to end customer are not included.
• Use: End user power consumption assumes a 3-year period. Product use scenariosare
modeled on data that reflects intensive daily use of the product.Geographic
differences in the power grid mix have been accounted for at a continental level.
• Recycling: Includes transportation from collection hubs to recycling centers, and the
energy used in mechanical separation and shredding of parts.
iPhone 3G uses power efficient components and software that intelligently manages powerconsumption.
In addition the Apple USB power adapter outperforms the
stringent requirements of the Energy Star specification for external power supplies.
The following table details the energy efficiency of the Apple USB power adapter.
Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency: The energy efficiency values in this report are based on the Energy Star ProgramRequirements for Single Voltage External AC-DC and AC-AC Power Supplies.
• Power Adapter No-Load: Condition in which the power adapter is connected to AC power, but notconnected to iPhone.
• Power Adapter Efficiency: Average of the power adapter’s measured efficiency when tested at 100%,75%, 50%, and 25% of the power adapter’s rated output current.
Material Efficiency
Apple’s ultra-compact product and packaging designs lead the industry in material efficiency.Reducing the material footprint of a product helps maximize shipping efficiency.
It also helps reduce energy consumed during production and material waste generated at endof life.
The chart below details the materials used in the iPhone 3G.
Material Use for iPhone 3G
Packaging
iPhone 3G’s packaging is almost entirely recyclable and its retail box is made primarilyfrom bio based materials, including fibre board containing 90% post consumer recycledcontent.
In addition, the iPhone 3G’s packaging is extremely material efficient, allowing moreunits to be transported in a single shipping container.
The following table details the materials used in iPhone 3G’s packaging.
Packaging Breakdown for iPhone 3G
iPhone 3G packaging volume is optimized for the specific country inwhich it is sold.
For countries that use a smaller power adapter such as Canada,
United States, and Japan, the packaging volume is 30% less thanpackaging volume of iPhone 3G sold in the UK, which requires a largerpower adapter.
Restricted Substances
Apple has long taken a leadership role in restricting harmful substances from itsproducts and packaging.
As part of this strategy all Apple products comply with the strict European Directiveon the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical andElectronic Equipment, also known as the RoHS directive. Examples of materialsrestricted by RoHS include lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, and PBBand PBDE brominated flame retardants (BFRs). iPhone 3G goes even further thanthe RoHS Directive by incorporating the following more aggressive restrictions:
• Mercury-free display
• Majority of PCB laminates, enclosure parts, are free of brominated flameretardants (BFRs) and all internal cables, headphones, and USB cables are free ofpolyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Through ultra-efficient design and use of highly recyclable materials, Apple has
minimized material waste at product end of life.
In addition, Apple offers and participates in various product take-back andrecycling programs in 95% of the regions where Apple products are sold.
All products are processed in the country or region in which they are collected.For more information on how
to take advantage of these programs
Recycling:
Reference:
Greenpeace, (October 15,2007), Missed call: the iPhone's hazardous chemicals, Accessed onNovember 22th 2008, From http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/iphone-s-hazardous-chemicals
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Tom, D.(July 15th,2008), Apple posts iPhone 3G 'Environmental Status Report, Accessed on 26thNovember, 2008, Fromhttp://weblog.greenpeace.org/makingwaves/archives/2008/07/apple_iphone_3g.html
Apple,(2008), Battery Replacement, Accessed on 26th November,2008, Fromhttp://www.apple.com/uk/batteries/replacements.html
Riley, D ( October 14th, 2007), Greenpeace: iPhone Not Good For The Environment, Accessed on27th, 2008 from http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/10/14/greenpeace-iphone-not-good-for-the-environment/
Ed Cooper, Hub Director,( Sep 9th, 2008),TVEH Mobile Forum Apple iPhone (Thames Valley Hub)Accessed on 28th,Novermber 2008 fromhttp://www.thamesvalleyhub.co.uk/documents/pdf/iPhone9Sep08.pdf
Evans, J, ( October, 15th 2007), Greenpeace slams iPhone on environment, Accessed on 28thNovember 2008 from http://www.macworld.co.uk/ipod-itunes/news/index.cfm?RSS&NewsID=19376