Read the handout, “Nullifying the Separatebut Equal Principle Brown v. Board ofEducation of Topeka, Kansas, 1954”answering …Read the handout, “Nullifying the Separatebut Equal Principle Brown v. Board ofEducation of Topeka, Kansas, 1954”answering …
(1) In previous Civil Rights legislation, why was itruled African American students must be admitted toUniversity of Texas Law School?(1) In previous Civil Rights legislation, why was itruled African American students must be admitted toUniversity of Texas Law School?
(2) What was the relation of the 14th Amendment topublic schools?(2) What was the relation of the 14th Amendment topublic schools?
(3) Instead of looking at the legality of segregation inaccordance to the Constitution, the Warren Courtutilizes psychology. Why?(3) Instead of looking at the legality of segregation inaccordance to the Constitution, the Warren Courtutilizes psychology. Why?
Public School SegregationPublic School Segregation
Why is equality important?Why is equality important?
Have any of us ever had times inwhich we were made to feel inferior?Have any of us ever had times inwhich we were made to feel inferior?
What are our feelings aboutsegregation, bad or good? Why?What are our feelings aboutsegregation, bad or good? Why?
What is “de jure” versus “de facto”segregation?What is “de jure” versus “de facto”segregation?
U.S. Worries About Race Relations
Reach a New High (2016) study by theGallup Pole
35% of Americans “Worried about race relations agreat deal”35% of Americans “Worried about race relations agreat deal”
April, 2014 – “Georgia school hosts firstracially integrated prom?”April, 2014 – “Georgia school hosts firstracially integrated prom?”
The Confederate Flag just removed lastsummer from South Carolina state legislatureThe Confederate Flag just removed lastsummer from South Carolina state legislature
Why Relevant Today???
Major Accomplishments ofthe Civil Rights Era withinthe area of …Major Accomplishments ofthe Civil Rights Era withinthe area of …
[1] Voting Rights[1] Voting Rights
[2] Racial Integration[2] Racial Integration
[3] Encouraging Financial EqualOpportunity[3] Encouraging Financial EqualOpportunity
Radical Republican’s PlansRadical Republican’s Plans
14th Amendment14th Amendment
Citizenship ClauseCitizenship Clause
Privileges or ImmunitiesClausePrivileges or ImmunitiesClause
Due Process ClauseDue Process Clause
Equal Protection ClauseEqual Protection Clause
BACKGROUND:African-American Civil RightsBACKGROUND:African-American Civil Rights
13th Amendment (1865)13th Amendment (1865)
14th Amendment (1868)14th Amendment (1868)
Equal Protection ClauseEqual Protection Clause
Due Process ClauseDue Process Clause
15th Amendment (1870)15th Amendment (1870)
Jim Crow lawsJim Crow laws
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
NAACP (1909)NAACP (1909)
Copyright, The Birmingham News, 2006.
Public School SegregationPublic School Segregation
Read the handout, “Nullifying the Separatebut Equal Principle Brown v. Board ofEducation of Topeka, Kansas, 1954”answering …Read the handout, “Nullifying the Separatebut Equal Principle Brown v. Board ofEducation of Topeka, Kansas, 1954”answering …
(1) In previous Civil Rights legislation, why was itruled African American students must be admitted toUniversity of Texas Law School?(1) In previous Civil Rights legislation, why was itruled African American students must be admitted toUniversity of Texas Law School?
(2) What was the relation of the 14th Amendment topublic schools?(2) What was the relation of the 14th Amendment topublic schools?
(3) Instead of looking at the legality of segregation inaccordance to the Constitution, the Warren Courtutilizes psychology. Why?(3) Instead of looking at the legality of segregation inaccordance to the Constitution, the Warren Courtutilizes psychology. Why?
What do we recall about the life ofLinda Brown?What do we recall about the life ofLinda Brown?
Desegregated schools, were theyequal?Desegregated schools, were theyequal?
Brown v. Board of Education,Topeka, KS (1954)Brown v. Board of Education,Topeka, KS (1954)
Separate educational facilities are inherentlyunequal.Separate educational facilities are inherentlyunequal.
Makes state-sponsored segregation illegal.Makes state-sponsored segregation illegal.
This was a violation of the “equal protectionclause” of the 14th Amendment.This was a violation of the “equal protectionclause” of the 14th Amendment.
“Agitate!Agitate!Agitate!”
BEGINNING OF THE MODERN CIVIL RIGHTSMOVEMENTBEGINNING OF THE MODERN CIVIL RIGHTSMOVEMENT
Brotherhood of SleepingCar Porters (1925)Brotherhood of SleepingCar Porters (1925)
March on WashingtonMovement (1941)March on WashingtonMovement (1941)
Banning discriminationin war-time industries(1941)Banning discriminationin war-time industries(1941)
Desegregation of themilitary (1948)Desegregation of themilitary (1948)
Earliest “Sit-ins”Earliest “Sit-ins”
(1942)(1942)
C.O.R.E. –C.O.R.E. –
Congress of RacialCongress of Racial
EqualityEquality
DesegregatedDesegregated
Northern CitiesNorthern Cities
EMERGENCE OF THE MODERN CIVIL RIGHTSMOVEMENTEMERGENCE OF THE MODERN CIVIL RIGHTSMOVEMENT
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Brown v. Board of Educationof Topeka (1954)Brown v. Board of Educationof Topeka (1954)
“with all deliberate speed”“with all deliberate speed”
“massive resistance”“massive resistance”
“white citizens’ councils”“white citizens’ councils”
“segregation academies”“segregation academies”
North Carolina school refusing toadmit African Americans, 1956North Carolina school refusing toadmit African Americans, 1956
22
School DesegregationSchool Desegregation
By 1955, white opposition inthe South had grown intomassive resistance …By 1955, white opposition inthe South had grown intomassive resistance …
Tactics included …Tactics included …
[1] Firing school employeeswho showed willingness toseek integration[1] Firing school employeeswho showed willingness toseek integration
[2] Closing public schoolsrather than desegregating[2] Closing public schoolsrather than desegregating
[3] Boycotting all publiceducation that wasintegrated[3] Boycotting all publiceducation that wasintegrated
Desegregate the schools! Vote Socialist Workers : PeterCamejo for president, Willie Mae Reid for vice-president.
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs DivisionWashington, D.C.; LC-USZ62-101452
23
Virtually no schools in theSouth segregated theirschools in the first yearsfollowing the Brown decision.Virtually no schools in theSouth segregated theirschools in the first yearsfollowing the Brown decision.
School DesegregationSchool Desegregation
In 1957, GovernorOrval Faubusdefied a federalcourt order toadmit nine AfricanAmericanstudentsIn 1957, GovernorOrval Faubusdefied a federalcourt order toadmit nine AfricanAmericanstudents
24
The first African American students to integrate CentralHigh School
“Little Rock Nine …”“Little Rock Nine …”
EMERGENCE OF THE MODERN CIVILRIGHTS MOVEMENTEMERGENCE OF THE MODERN CIVILRIGHTS MOVEMENT
Central High School, Little Rock (1957)Central High School, Little Rock (1957)
“Little Rock Nine”“Little Rock Nine”
Central High School studentsgathered on the sidewalk in front ofthe school on September 4 to watchthe reporters, photographers andthe crowd gathered to wait for theblack students to attempt to enterthe school.Central High School studentsgathered on the sidewalk in front ofthe school on September 4 to watchthe reporters, photographers andthe crowd gathered to wait for theblack students to attempt to enterthe school.
EMERGENCE OF THE MODERN CIVILRIGHTS MOVEMENTEMERGENCE OF THE MODERN CIVILRIGHTS MOVEMENT
Rosa Parks (1955)Rosa Parks (1955)
Refuses to give up her seatRefuses to give up her seat
Montgomery BusMontgomery Bus
Boycott (1955 – 1956)Boycott (1955 – 1956)
Forces city of Montgomery,Forces city of Montgomery,
Alabama to end bus segregationAlabama to end bus segregation
Write down the following prompts innotebooks, leaving about three linesbetween prompts, preparing to watch avideo about the 1950’s, “Happy Days”:America's Time, 1953 -1960https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_D4fWogbZMWrite down the following prompts innotebooks, leaving about three linesbetween prompts, preparing to watch avideo about the 1950’s, “Happy Days”:America's Time, 1953 -1960https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_D4fWogbZM
(1) Pay attention to the words of AnneThompson throughout the video clip …(1) Pay attention to the words of AnneThompson throughout the video clip …
(2) Rosa Parks & Strategy of Martin LutherKing, Jr. …(2) Rosa Parks & Strategy of Martin LutherKing, Jr. …
(3) Little Rock Central High School …(3) Little Rock Central High School …