AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
SYLLABUS
SECTION- 1
1 Introduction to automobile Engineering
2 Drive Train
3 Front Axle, Steering systems, Rear Axle,Wheel and Tyres
SYLLABUS
SECTION- II
4 Suspension System, Brakes
5 Electrical system, Modern Trends
6 Vehicle Performance
DEFINITION
•Automobile engineering is a branch of engineeringwhich deals with everything about automobiles andpractices to propel them.
•Automobile is a vehicle driven by an internalcombustion engine and it is used for transportation ofpassengers and goods on the ground. Automobile canalso be defined as a vehicle which can move by itself.
•Examples : Car, jeep, bus, truck, scooter, etc.
History of Automobile
History of Automobile
•The first car was built by Joseph Cugnot in 1769. It waspowered by a steam engine and was very slow.
• Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir was the first to build the onecylinder engine, internal-combustion engine, was later patent.
•Nikolas August Otto built the first four cylinder engine.
• In 1886 Gottlieb Daimler designed the first four wheeledautomobile. They also created the first v-slanted engine.
•Karl Benz, know as one of the founders of Mercedes-Benz, isthe first to build an automobile powered by an internalcombustion engine.
Benz Patent-Motorwagen
History of Automobile
•The first hybrid commercial truck was built in 1910, and as thegasoline engine was refined interest in hybrids died down.
•As problems with environment and gas process continue,Hybrids are now a hot commodity in the market place and arenow the new wave of future cars
History of Automobile
•Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach with Benz’smanufacturing firm in 1926 to create Daimler-Benz. The jointcompany makes cars today under the Mercedes-Benznameplate, and Daimler Chrysler
•Henry Ford, a famous car company founder, designed theworld’s biggest car manufacturer, manufacturing over 15million Model by 1927
•Hybrid cars have also been around since the 1900’s.
•In the 1900’s Ford made more steam and electric cars than itdid gasoline.
Landmark of Indian automobileindustry
•1897 First Person to own a car in India - Mr. Foster of
M/s Crompton Greaves Company, Mumbai
•1901 First Indian to own a car in India - Jamsetji Tata
•1905 First Woman to drive a car in India - Mrs.
Suzanne RD Tata
•1905 Fiat Motors
•1911 First Taxiin India
•1928 Chevrolet Motors
•1942 Hindustan Motors
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Landmark of Indian automobileindustry
•1944 Premier Automobiles Limited
•1945 Tata Motors
•1947 Mahindra & Mahindra Limited
•1948 Ashok Motors
•1948 Standard Motors
•1974 Sipani Motors
•1981 Maruti Suzuki
The automobile industry in India
•9 th largest automobile industry.
•2 nd largest two-wheeler market.
•11 th largest Passenger Cars producers.
•4 th largest in Heavy Trucks.
•2 nd largest tractor manufacturer.
•annual production of over 2.3million units.
•The monthly sales of passenger Cars in Indiaexceed 100,000units
COMPONENTS OF AUTOMOBILE
COMPONENTS OF AUTOMOBILE
•1 The basic structure
•2 Power Plant
•3 Transmission System
•4 Accessories
•5 Controls
•6 Super Structure
Front engine front wheel drive
Advantages:-
1.No propeller shaft
2.Low chassis height
3.Engine pulls the car
4.Better road adhesion
5.Produce understeerconditions
Disadvantages:-
1. Complicated arrangement
2. Two velocity joints needed
3. Decrease of tractive effort
4. Steering is heavier
TYRE
ENGINE
TYRE
BRAKE
BRAKE
TYRE
TYRE
BRAKE
BRAKE
CLUTCH
STEERING
SUSPENSION
WHEEL BASE
WHEEL TRACK
TRANSAXLE
ANATOMY OF AN AUTOMOBILE
(FRONT WHEEL DRIVE)
DRIVE SHAFTS
Rear Engine Rear wheel Drive
TYRE
ENGINE
GEAR BOX
DIFFERENTIAL
TYRE
BRAKE
BRAKE
TYRE
TYRE
BRAKE
BRAKE
CLUTCH
PROPELLOR
SHAFT - REAR
STEERING
SUSPENSION
ANATOMY OF AN AUTOMOBILE
(REAR WHEEL DRIVE - 2WD)
WHEEL BASE
WHEEL TRACK
FOUR WHEEL DRIVE
•Advantages
1When the frontwheels falls in to aditch, they can bedriven out beingpower driven.
2More power
•Disadvantages
1Higher initial cost
2Running cost ismore, because ofadditional fuelconsumption
FOUR WHEEL DRIVE
TYRE
ENGINE
GEAR BOX
DIFFERENTIAL
TYRE
BRAKE
BRAKE
TYRE
TYRE
BRAKE
BRAKE
CLUTCH
PROPELLOR
SHAFT - REAR
STEERING
TRANSFER
CASE - 4WD
DIFFERENTIAL
4WD
SUSPENSION
ANATOMY OF AN AUTOMOBILE
(FOUR WHEEL DRIVE)
WHEEL BASE
WHEEL TRACK
PROPELLOR
SHAFT - FRONT
Classification of automobiles
1.Use
2.Capacity
3.Make and model
4.Fuel used
5.Body style
6.Wheels
7.Drive
8.transmission
BODY
In case of conventional frame, there must be separatestructure i. e. the body attached to the frame , while incase of frameless construction the body performs thefunction of both.
The body and frame should jointly meet the following
requirements
1Strength – Body must be strong enough towithstand all forces.
2Stiffness – Body must posses sufficient stiffness toprevent sagging in the middle.
3Air drag – The shape of the body should be suchthat the air drag is minimum.
4Space – The should be adequate space in the body
5Resistance to corrosion
6Protection against weather
Frame – Conventional construction
Frame is the basic unit to which various components are
attached and body is bolted to the frame.
Functions
1To support the chassis components and the body
2To withstand static and dynamic load withoutdeflection
Loads on the frame
1Weight of the vehicle and passenger
2Vertical loads when the vehicle comes across abump
3Loads due to road camber, side wind while taking aturn
4Sudden impacts loads during a collision
5Load due to engine torque and braking torque
Material for frame
Mild sheet steel, carbon sheet steel, sheet nickel alloy
steel
FRAMELESS CONSTRUCTION
Body structure is so designed so as to combine the
functions of body and frame, the units normally
attached to the frame then being attached directly to
the body
Advantages of frameless construction –
1Reduced weight and saving in fuel consumption
2Lower manufacturing cost
3Lower body position may be obtained, thus resultingin increased stability of the automobile.
Disadvantages of frameless construction –
1Reduction of strength
2Economical only if adopted in mass production
3Increased cost of repairs in case of damaged to thebody during accidents.
4Topless cars are difficult to design with framelessconstruction
