Fungi
Chapter 22
What are Fungi?
Fungi have threadlike bodies which are madeof long, slender filaments
Fungi have cell walls made of chitin
Chitin – A tough carbohydrate found in the cellwalls of fungi and other organisms
Heterotrophic organisms
Structure
Hyphae – a filament of a fungus
Mycelium – the mass of fungal filaments
Rhizoid – a rootlike structure that holds fungiin place and absorbs nutrients
Hyphae
Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Hyphae from one fungus fuse with hyphae from afungus of the opposite mating type producing azygospore
Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
At the tips of stalks, haploid spores are producedby mitosis
Reproduction
Sporangium producesspores
Stolon – a horizontalhypha from whichrhizoids andsporangiospores arise
Spores
Hypha
Reproduction
Yeast and mold refer to specific stages of thelife cycle that are shared by several types offungi
Yeast and mold are not classes of fungi
Yeast – some fungi exist primarily in a unicellularstage
Mold – refers to the asexual stage of some fungi
Fungal Partnerships
Lichen – a fungus in a symbiotic relationshipwith a photosynthetic partner
Some partners are cyanobacterium and greenalga
Fungi and Industry
Fungi are used for food, medicines, research,alternative fuels, and pest control
Penicillium
Blue cheese
Bread (Yeast)
Fungi and the Ecosystem
Fungi decompose organic matter
Fungi break down and absorb minerals fromrocks and soil
Fungal Infections
Some fungi are parasites
Fungal Infections
Dermatophyte – a fungus that infects theskin, hair or nails
They cause athlete's foot, toenail fungus, andringworm
Toenail fungus
Fungal Toxins
Toxins in mushrooms can cause vomiting,diarrhea, liver damage, and even death
