Chapter 2:States of Matterpages 40 - 52
Matter
•Matter
–Anything that takes up space and has mass.
•Three states of matter common on Earth:
–Solid
–Liquid
–Gas
•The motion of the particles and the strength ofattraction between the particles determine amaterial’s state of matter.
Solid:
Particles are packed together in “fixed”positions; definite shape and volume.
Liquids:
Particles are close together, but not in“fixed” positions; definite volume but nodefinite shape.
Viscosity – a liquid’s resistance to flow.
Example: Honey
•High Viscosity
Example: Water
•Low Viscosity
Surface Tension – the uneven forces acting onthe particles on the surface of a liquid; acts as athin film stretched across the liquid’s surface.
Gases:
Particles move fast and do not stay closetogether; has no definite shape or volume.
Solid
•Shape
•Volume
•Particle Movement
•Particle Arrangement
Liquid
•Shape
•Volume
•Particle Movement
•Particle Arrangement
Gas
•Shape
•Volume
•Particle Movement
•Particle Arrangement
Thermal Energy, Heat, &Temperature Questions
1.How is thermal energy different fromtemperature?
2.Which has more thermal energy, a lake or abucket of boiling water? Explain.
3.Which has a higher temperature, the oceanor a bucket of boiling water? Explain.
4.Do you have heat inside of you? Explain.
Thermal Energy, Heat, &Temperature Review
Changes of State:
• The state of asubstance depends onthe amount of thermalenergy it possesses
• Gases have thehighest amount ofthermal energy
•Solids have thelowest amount ofthermal energy
A change in state will occur if thermal energy isabsorbed or released.
•Melting- a solid absorbsthermal energy; thechange from a solidstate to a liquid state(ice to water)
•Vaporization – a liquidabsorbs thermalenergy; the changefrom a liquid state to agas state (water towater vapor)
A change in state will occur if thermal energy isabsorbed or released.
•Freezing – a liquid losesthermal energy; thechange from a liquidstate to a solid state(water to ice)
•Condensation – a gasloses thermal energy;the change from a gasstate to liquid state(water vapor to water)
