Warmup 4/12/16: Place Unit 6Vocabulary in folder at your station.
•Complete Unit 5 Key Review Questions on aseparate sheet of paper.
•Be sure to write answers in completesentences.
•Place in basket once you are done.
•HOUSEKEEPING!!!!!
Biotechnology Intro & GelElectrophoresis
Maury…
1.What did they do to tell who the father was?
2.How do they do these tests?
3.How do they know for SURE…?
What does…
•BIO- mean?
•TECHNOLOGY?
SO….
What is BIOtechnology Any Way????
•Manipulating living organisms using varioustypes of technology to produce more usefulqualities:
–Using better genes and traits
•Allows the best or desired traits to be expressed.
Research in Biotechnology
1.Help humans create crops that can be frost resistant
2.Use transgenic organisms to help medicalresearchers model human physiology for testing
3.Help industry to create bacteria to break downpollutants into harmless products
4.Pharmaceutical companies use recombinant DNA tocheaply produce human hormones (insulin) andother proteins
5.Help solve crimes and determine familialrelationships
One of the ways is the same wayMaury tests for the father…
Gel Electrophoresis
•A method used in biochemistry andmolecular biology to separate DNAor RNA molecules by size tocompare DNA data.
Also known as…
•A DNA Fingerprint
What can this be used for?
•Paternity Tests
–Who is the father?
•Familial Relationships
–Who is the mother?
–Who are the siblings, cousins, grandparents, etc.?
•Evolutionary Relationships
–How closely related are two organisms (humans & apes)?
•Crime Scene Investigations
–Who committed the crime?
GelElectrophoresis
Basic Steps..
1.Extract DNA sample
2.Cut DNA into smaller pieces using RestrictionEnzymes
3.Put the smaller DNA fragments into the Gel Tray
4.Use a Charge to separate the pieces of DNA
5.Analyze the DNA fragments
Goal of Gel Electrophoresis
1.The process of Gel Electrophoresis works toseparate and analyze DNA fragmentsaccording to their size & shape.
2. In order to cut the DNA into fragments,restriction enzymes are used.
–These are specific enzymes (proteins) thatrecognize specific sequences of DNA and then cutit in half.
3. Samples of DNA fragments are loaded onto aGEL ELECTROPHORESIS.
4. DNA fragments move in the Gel due toopposite charges (DNA is negatively charged)
–The SMALL strands move further down the Gelthan the LARGER strands of DNA.
–Since they are larger and heavier, the LARGERstrands do not move as far down the Gel
GelElectrophoresis
5. The groups of DNA fragments show up assmall lines in the Gel
6. Now a DNA FINGERPRINT is created, whichcan be analyzed.
Let’s Take a look…
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSwlCk_Z02c&feature=related
Check Point: Write the question andanswer
1.Write the steps used in Gel electrophoresis:
2.Where would you find the shortest strand ofDNA?
3.What causes the fragments on DNA to move?
Gel Electrophoresis
Gel Electrophoresis
DNA fingerprinting applications
Sample Problems
Complete the Student Webquest: GelElectrophoresis
•Your homework will be the “Analyzing theResults: DNA Fingerprints”