Perfect Passive VoicePerfect Passive Voice
Latin ILatin I
Grammar LessonGrammar Lesson
Characteristics of VerbsCharacteristics of Verbs
Verbs have five basic characteristicsVerbs have five basic characteristics
1.Person1.Person
2.Number2.Number
3.Tense3.Tense
4.Voice4.Voice
5.Mood5.Mood
VoiceVoice
Voice indicates whether the subject isdoing or is receiving the action of theverbVoice indicates whether the subject isdoing or is receiving the action of theverb
–Active voice reflects a subject that is doingthe action–Active voice reflects a subject that is doingthe action
–Passive voice reflects a subject that isreceiving the action–Passive voice reflects a subject that isreceiving the action
Active VoiceActive Voice
Examples:Examples:
The dog has bitten the man.The dog has bitten the man.
–Subject is dog–Subject is dog
–The dog is “doing the biting”–The dog is “doing the biting”
The player had kicked the ball.The player had kicked the ball.
–Subject is player–Subject is player
–The player is “doing the kicking”–The player is “doing the kicking”
Passive VoicePassive Voice
Examples:Examples:
The man has been bitten by the dog.The man has been bitten by the dog.
–Subject is man–Subject is man
–The man is “receiving the biting”–The man is “receiving the biting”
The ball will have been kicked by the player.The ball will have been kicked by the player.
–Subject is ball–Subject is ball
–The ball is “receiving the kicking”–The ball is “receiving the kicking”
Review of TermsReview of Terms
1st P.P:1st person singular, present tense1st P.P:1st person singular, present tense
2nd P.P.present infinitive; present stem2nd P.P.present infinitive; present stem
3rd P.P.1st person singular, perfect tense;perfect active stem3rd P.P.1st person singular, perfect tense;perfect active stem
4th P.P.perfect passive participle4th P.P.perfect passive participle
Perfect Passive System FormulaePerfect Passive System Formulae
Formulae:Formulae:
Present Perfect Passive: 4th P.P. and sumPresent Perfect Passive: 4th P.P. and sum
Pluperfect Passive: 4th P.P. and eramPluperfect Passive: 4th P.P. and eram
Future Perfect Passive: 4th P.P. and eroFuture Perfect Passive: 4th P.P. and ero
–Perfect Passive is a two word form–Perfect Passive is a two word form
Perfect Passive TensePerfect Passive Tense
amo, amāre, amavi,amatus – a, umamo, amāre, amavi,amatus – a, um
4th P.P. and sum4th P.P. and sum
Amatus sumamāti sumusAmatus sumamāti sumus
Amātus esamāti estisAmātus esamāti estis
Amātus estamāti suntAmātus estamāti sunt
English TranslationEnglish Translation
English Helping Verbs:“has/have been” + -edEnglish Helping Verbs:“has/have been” + -ed
I have been lovedI have been loved
you have been lovedyou have been loved
he has been lovedhe has been loved
we have been lovedwe have been loved
y’all have been lovedy’all have been loved
they have been lovedthey have been loved
Pluperfect Passive TensePluperfect Passive Tense
amo, amāre, amavi,amatus – a, umamo, amāre, amavi,amatus – a, um
4th P.P. and eram4th P.P. and eram
Amata eramamātae eramusAmata eramamātae eramus
Amāta erasamātae eratisAmāta erasamātae eratis
Amāta eratamātae erantAmāta eratamātae erant
English TranslationEnglish Translation
English Helping Verbs:“had been” + -edEnglish Helping Verbs:“had been” + -ed
I had been lovedI had been loved
you had been lovedyou had been loved
she had been lovedshe had been loved
we had been lovedwe had been loved
y’all had been lovedy’all had been loved
they had been lovedthey had been loved
Future Perfect Passive TenseFuture Perfect Passive Tense
amo, amāre, amavi,amatus – a, umamo, amāre, amavi,amatus – a, um
4th P.P. and ero4th P.P. and ero
Amatum ero amāta erimusAmatum ero amāta erimus
Amātum eris amāta eritisAmātum eris amāta eritis
Amātum erit amāta eruntAmātum erit amāta erunt
English TranslationEnglish Translation
English Helping Verbs:“will have been” + -edEnglish Helping Verbs:“will have been” + -ed
I will have been lovedI will have been loved
you will have been lovedyou will have been loved
it will have been lovedit will have been loved
we will have been lovedwe will have been loved
y’all will have been lovedy’all will have been loved
they will have been lovedthey will have been loved