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Prenatal Development&Birth

Chapter 19 - Pacheco

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•3-8 Weeks – Embryo

Formation of:

Amniotic Sac

Umbilical cord

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0-2wks: Spinal cord, Brain,Ears, Arms

3-8wks: Mouth, nostrils,eyelids, hands, feet,toes, cardiovascularsystem is developed

9-14wks: sex organs,eyelids, fingernails,sucking of thumb

First Trimester 0-14 weeks

Second Trimester 15-28 weeks

15-20wks: blinking, bodygrows, limbs reach fullproportion

21-28wks: 12 inches long,hearing bones aredeveloped, sensitivity tolight and dark

Third Trimester 29-40 weeks

•All 5 senses

•Begins to pass water from the bladder

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Prenatal Care

- Medrano

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Importance of Prenatal Care

Who:

Obstetrician or Midwife

Where:

Birthing center or Hospital

Physicals:

-Blood Tests

-Pelvic Exam

-Weight monitoring

-Blood pressure

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Proper Nutrition During Pregnancy

•Necessary Nutrients

–Calcium

–Protein

–Iron

–Vitamin A

–Folic acid

•High Caffeine = increased risk of birth defects

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Health of the Fetus

Smoking Causes

Low Birth Weight

Growth Impairment

Mental DevelopmentIssues

Behavior Issues

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Health of the Fetus

FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)

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Health of the Fetus

FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)

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Health of the Fetus

Threatens the mother and fetus

Addiction-Withdrawal

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Health of the Fetus

EnvironmentalHazards

Lead

Smog

Radiation

Cat Litter

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Complications

Miscarriage – expulsion of afetus prior to 20wks

Stillbirth – a dead fetusexpelled from the bodyafter 20 wks.

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Complications

Preeclampsia orToxemia

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Complications

Ectopic Pregnancy

–Zygote can’t passthe uterus

–Leading cause ofdeath of female inFirst Trimester

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Heredity andGenetics

-Medrano

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Heredity

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Passing of traits from parentsto children

Chromosomes – carry codesfor inherited traits

Genes – basic units ofheredity

DNA

(deoxyribonucleic acid)

Genetics and Fetal Development

Sperm = 23 chromosomes

Egg = 23 chromosomes

Dominant and Recessive Genes

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Zygote

46chromosomes

Genetics and Fetal Development

Genes and Gender

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Genetic Disorders

Caused partly or completely by a defect in genes

Genetic Testing

Amniocentesis Chronic Villi Sampling (CVS)

16-20 weeks 8 weeks

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Genetic Disorders: Sickle-Cell

Results in

•Restricted blood flow

•Severe joint pain

•Weakness

•Kidney Disease

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Genetic Disorders: Tay-Sachs Disease

•Destroys nervoussystem

•Blindness

•Paralysis

•Death in earlychildhood

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Genetic Disorders: Cystic Fibrosis

•Mucus clogs organs

•Nutritional problems

•Respiratory infections & congestion

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Genetic Disorders: Down Syndrome

•Chromosome 21Trisomy

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Genetic Disorders: Hemophilia

•X – linked recessive trait

•Hemophilia A (Factor VIII)

•Hemophilia B (Factor IX)

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Genetic Research: Genetic Therapy

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Genetic Research:Genetically Engineered Drugs

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Infancy and Childhood

-Pacheco

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Erik Erikson

Theory of development

•8 developmental stages

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Childhood Development

Childhood Development

•Infancy (0-1yr)

–Fastest growth period

–Time of learning

–Develop TRUST

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Childhood Development

Childhood Development

•Early Childhood (1-3yrs)

–Skill development

–Speech development

–AUTONOMY confidencein your own control ofabilities

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Childhood Development

Childhood Development

•Middle Childhood(4-6 yrs)

–More engaged ininteractions

–Asking manyquestions

–Learns to controlimpulses

–INITIATIVE,RESPONSIBILITY

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Childhood Development

Childhood Development

•Late Childhood(7-12 yrs)

–Literacy

–Roles of society

–Conscience

–INTEREST INPERFORMINGACTIVITIES

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Childhood Development

Childhood Development

•Vision

•Hearing

•Scoliosis

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Health Screenings in Childhood

Health Screenings in Childhood