Chapter 4 Section 4

Chapter 4 Section 4Chapter 4 Section 4

The French & Indian War

ObjectivesObjectives

 Explain how British fortunes improvedafter William Pitt took over direction of theFrench & Indian War

Describe how Chief Pontiac united hispeople to fight for their land

The British Take ActionThe British Take Action

•French & Indian Warpart of a largerstruggle betweenFrance & Britain

•Fought for control of

–World trade

–Power on the seas

•War lasts 1754-1763

•War against Francefought by Britishcolonists at first

•Britain appointedGeneral EdwardBraddock after Frenchbuilt new forts (1754)

General Edward Braddock

http://www.fortedwards.org/braddock/braddock.jpg

Braddock Marches toDuquesneBraddock Marches toDuquesne

•June 1755 Braddock & Washington set outto attack Fort Duquesne

•Attacked by Native Americans & French

•Braddock killed

•British defeated

Seven Years’ WarSeven Years’ War

•Fighting in Americacaused war in Europe

•Prussia & Britaindeclared war onFrance (1756)

•War took place inEurope, Caribbean,India & NorthAmerica

•French capturedBritish forts

•Native Americansraided farms from NYto PA

Pitt Takes ChargePitt Takes Charge

•William Pitt becamesecretary of state, thenprime minister

•He decided Britainwould pay cost of thewar

William Pitt

http://www.scotsindependent.org/features/quotations/William%20Pitt.jpg

Jeffrey Amherst

•Jeffrey Amherst &James Wolfeappointed to commandBritish troops

•1758 recapturedLouisbourg

http://images.google.com/url?q=http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/1/19/Jeffrey_Amherst,_1st_Baron_Amherst.jpg&usg=__pSO8uyyQyzaaPvOjG_ujcKpjJz0=

James Wolfe

http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/AXL/francophonie/images/wolfe-photo.jpg

Louisbourg

http://louisbourg.com/location_map.jpg

http://www.geocities.com/canmarforts/Louisbourg_card_1.jpg

•British capture Fort Frontenac on LakeOntario

•Then forced French to abandon FortDuquesne

–Renamed it Fort Pitt

Fort Frontenac

http://canadianheritage.org/images/large/10151.jpg

The Fall of New FranceThe Fall of New France

•1759 big year for British!

•British captured some French islands inWest Indies & Havana, Cuba

•Defeated French in India

•Destroyed French fleet sent to help Frenchin Canada

Battle of QuebecBattle of Quebec

•Quebec-capital ofNew France

•British general Wolfeattacked city usingpoorly guarded pathup a cliff

•Battle fought on Plainsof Abraham outsidefortress of Quebec

•French defeated

•Wolfe killed in battle

•French commander,Marquis de Montcalmwounded & died nextday

http://www.britishbattles.com/images/quebec/map-l.jpg

Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris

•Officially ended the war in 1763

•France kept sugar islands in West Indies

•France lost Canada & most lands east ofMississippi River

•Spain (France’s ally) lost Florida, butreceived French lands west of MississippiRiver & port of New Orleans

Trouble on the FrontierTrouble on the Frontier

•Native Americans inOhio River Valleyhurt by loss of French

•British raised prices ofgoods

•British refused to payNative Americans foruse of their land

•British settlers movedonto NativeAmericans lands

Pontiac’s WarPontiac’s War

•Chief of Ottawa village(near Detroit)

•1763 Pontiac put togetheran alliance

•Attacked British fort atDetroit

•Other war parties capturedBritish outposts in GreatLakes

http://www.advanced-embroidery-designs.com/cart/photos/22127t.jpg

•Pontiac did not capture strongholds ofNiagara, Fort Pitt or Detroit

•War ended in 1765 after Pontiac’s allieswere defeated

•Pontiac signed peace treaty & was pardoned

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

•King George III declared that AppalachianMountains were western boundary ofcolonies

•Angered land speculators who had boughtland west of mountains

•Angered colonists who wanted to settlewest of Appalachians