Slide 1

The Impact of Different
Forms of Daycare on
Children’s socail development
Including the effects of
Aggression and
Peer Relaions

• choose childminding as it is similar to athome care

• Mayall and Petrie

• F: quality of care varied with somebeing under stimulating where thechildren didn’t thrive : stimulating

• Harris et al

• F: some children were disturbed. Thechildminders didn’t form emotional bondsand rewarding quiet behaviour

• Kagan

• 33 infants 3 ½ months old, full time ina nursery, against a control group

• assessed throughout 2 years

• F: no consistently large differencesbetween home and nursery children inattachment, sociability and cognition

• Vandell et al

• Rated by teachers and parents

•Texas children in day nurseries had lowpeer relations and emotional health

National institute of
Child health and human
development

• researched the effects of threefactors

• Quality of day care

• amount of care

• and type of care

• all three had never been looked attogether before

• longitudinal study looked at cognitive andsocial development

• frequent intervals from infancy to 54 months

• later research looked at the effects up till 12years

• detailed info on the family backgroundswas taken fully into account whenworking out the effects of day care

• reduced selection bias by identifying it

• compared effects of 5 different forms of day care

• father care

• grandparent care

• home based care outside caregivers home,excluding grandparents

• in home care, any caregiver except father andgrandparents

• centre group care

Social development:
Effects on attachment

• Belsky

• increased risk of a child developinginsecure attachment if in day care for 4months before the 1st birthday

• Clark – Stewart et al

• attachment is not effected byseparation in comparing highintensity and low intensity care

• Roggman

• Using the strange situationcompared in home care withday care before the age of 1

• no difference in attachment

• Erel

• day care hadno adverseeffects

• had no effecton cognitiveabilities

• there may be negative effects onday care for very young children

• there may be positive effects onday care for social skills

• Children may become more active,outgoing and playful who go to day care

• Shea

• increase in sociability linkedto 5 day a week day care : 2days

• peer relationships are moreadvanced in day care

• Clarke – Stewart

• children in day carelearned how to cope insocial situations andnegotiate

• Those in high quality care,have educated parentscompared to those in lowquality care

• therefore you cannot besure whether or not it isparenting or day care whichis responsible

• NICHHD

• day was linked topeer relations

• high quality carewas more so

• day care affect aggression

• more opportunities

• learn how toresolve conflict

• physical aggression is atpeak in pre-school years

• may be a chancefor anti-socialbehaviour

• Vandell

• 8 year olds in fulltime care from 1st yearof live

• rated byteachers andparents as beingnon - compliant

• Bates

• any type of day care inthe first 5yrs of life led tobehavioural problems andaggression

• adverse effects of day carewould by seen when the childrenare in large groups

• Haskins

• behavioural problemswere among childrenspending the mosttime in day care

• Borge

• compare physicalaggression in children in daycare : full time with mothers

• more aggression in thosechildren looked after fulltime by their mothers whowere less sociallydisadvantaged

• researchers fail to distinguishbetween assertive, andaggressive and disobedientbehaviour

• NICHHD

• used a Q to separate the2 and rate

• aggression andassertiveness were higherin day care children

• ijzendoorn

• re-assessed the NICHHDresearch

• centre based care associatedwith externalising problems

• occurred when day careinvolved non relatives

 Cannot control the externalvariable of which children go intoday care therefore the externalisingfactors may be caused by factorsoutside of day-care

 most research into aggressionfails to take account of thedifferent types of externalisingfactors such as assertiveness anddisobedience, therefore theaccuracy of the researchdecreases as results may notactually show aggression

 much research doesn't take into accountthe three factors quality of care, durationof care or type of care, therefore isn’t areliable account on how it effects socialdevelopment and only those studies whichdo e.g. NICHHD are reliable enough todraw definitive conclusions

 small sample size decreasesreliability and validity of the studiesas they aren’t large enough tomake reliable conclusions aboutthe rest of children in day care

 most of these studies involve Americaninfants for that reason the results andconclusions are culturally bias andungeralisable to other infants in day care inother countries

 most research only considers theeffects at early age not looking at thelong term effects of it so much of theeffect cannot be validated to longterm cause.