MR. CLIFFORD
CHAPTER 7.2NATIONALISM ATCENTER STAGE
MAIN IDEA AND WHY IT MATTERS
•MAIN IDEA: Nationalism exerted a strong influencein the courts, foreign affairs, and westwardexpansion in the early 1800s.
•WHY IT MATTERS NOW: Nationalism continues toaffect such decisions as whether or not we shouldinvolve the country in foreign conflicts and whatlimits can be placed on business, communications,and other trade.
THE SUPREME COURT BOOSTS NATIONALPOWER
•Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
•Aaron Ogden attained a state licensefrom NY to operate a steamship line onHudson River from New York to NewJersey.
•Thomas Gibbons attained a federallicense & began running a service onsame stretch of river as Ogden.
Ogden took Gibbons to court to stophim.
•Supreme Court ruled in favor ofGibbons stating that interstatecommerce was a FederalGovernment entity.
•ensured that federal government haspower to regulate almost anythingthat crosses state lines.
•EFFECT: future Court rulings favoredcompetition over monopolies(Nationalism exerted a stronginfluence on the legal system.)
STRENGTHENING GOVERNMENTECONOMIC CONTROL
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Could a state government tax the federalgovernment?
•1819: Bank of the United States opened inMaryland.
•The state of Maryland did not want thebank to take customers away fromMaryland’s state bank.
•Maryland levied a heavy fine on the Bankof US hoping that it would fail.
•Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the‘Supremacy Clause’ in the Constitution gavethe federal government authority over the stategovernment.
•The ‘necessary & proper’ clause or elasticclause gave the federal government theauthority to create laws that are not directlywritten in the Constitution.
•EFFECT: States cannot tax the federalgovernment
LIMITING STATE POWERS
•Under Chief Justice Marshall ruled in favor of thefederal government which expanded its power overthe states
•Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
•is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision inwhich the Supreme Court first ruled a state lawunconstitutional.
•Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
•The decision settled the nature of public versus privatecharters and resulted in the rise of the American businesscorporation and the American free enterprise system.[1]
NATIONALISM SHAPES FOREIGN POLICY
Secretary of State John Quincy Adams established foreign policyguided by nationalism.
a.) Territory & Boundaries: Secretary of State Adams’ top priority
- ensure the nation was secure
- ensure we are able to expand our territory to the west.
Secretary of State Adams’ accomplishments
1.) Reduced the fleets of both nations on the Great Lakes.
2.) Rush-Bagot Treaty:
US & Britain would demilitarize their common boarder (Canada).
3.) Convention of 1818:
fixed the US boarder at the 49th parallel up to the Rocky Mountains.
4.) Reached a compromise with Britain to jointly occupy the OregonTerritory, (territory west of the Rockies) for ten years.
5.) Adams-Onis Treaty (1819):
- Spain ceded Florida to the US and gave up its claims to the Oregon Territory.
MONROE DOCTRINE
ISSUES WITH FOREIGN NATIONS
•1815: Spain and Portugal were looking toreclaim there former colonies in LatinAmerica.
•Russia, who owned Alaska since 1784, wasestablishing trading posts in present dayCalifornia.
•United States did NOT want foreign nationsmoving into areas the US believed theywould eventually acquire.
MONROE DOCTRINE
•1823: President James Monroe warned ALLoutside powers NOT TO INTEFERE with affairsin the Western Hemisphere.
•Not attempt to create new colonies
•Try to overthrow newly independent republicsin the hemisphere
•US would consider such actions “dangerous toour peace and safety” .
•In return, the US would not involve itself inEuropean affairs or interfere with existingcolonies in the Western Hemisphere.
NATIONALISM PUSHES AMERICA WEST
•American settlers pushed into the Northwest Territory(present day Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, andMichigan) turning lush prairies into farms and waterfrontsinto city centers.
a.) Expansion to the West
•Most settlers went west in search of economic gain (landwas fertile, plentiful, and CHEAP)
•Settlers could easily change their occupation in order tobenefit from the land. (fur trading, rancher, scout, hunter,etc.)
•Many settlers would form economic/social relationshipswith Native American tribes benefitting both groups.
MISSOURI COMPROMISE
- The Union consisted of 10 Free States &10 Slave States.
o1811: Illinois became the 11 Free State
o1818: Alabama became the 11 Slave State
o1819: Missouri requested admission tothe Union. (House of Representativespassed bill forcing Missouri to graduallyfree their slaves. Senate blocked bill)
-Slave states claimed Northerners weretrying to end slavery
-Northerners accused Southerners ofattempting to spread the slavery intonew territories.
-Both sides begun discussing a possiblecivil war and the end of the Union.
HENRY CLAY: THE GREATCOMPROMISER
•Under Clay’s leadership, Congress resolved the crisis bycreating and ratifying the Missouri Compromise.
•Maine was admitted as a free state: 24 Senators from FreeStates
•Missouri admitted as a slave state: 24 Senators from SlaveStates
•Louisiana Territory was split into two spheres of interest. (North:FREE South: SLAVE)
•Dividing Line: 36°30’ North Latitude
*Issue of SLAVERY would be temporarily resolved*