Warm
Up
4-28-16
Warm
Up
4-28-16
1.What is the standard temperature and
pressure (STP)?
2. How much space does 1 mole of hydrogen
gas occupy at STP?
3. How many torr are in 5 atm?
Agenda
-Turn in pHet lab
-Notes Unit 10-3
-WS The gas law
Homework
May 2 - Bring book
May 3 - Quiz unit 10
May 18 - Retake deadline
Unit
10-3
The
Gas
Laws
Unit
10-3
The
Gas
Laws
Mathematical relationships
between volume, temperature,
pressure and amount of gas
Kelvin
Temperature
Scale
Kelvin
Temperature
Scale
•
Kelvin scale based gas
movements
•
0
°
K all gasses are
frozen known as
absolute zero
°
K = 273 +
°
C
Boyle
’
s
Law
:
Pressure
&
Volume
Boyle
’
s
Law
:
Pressure
&
Volume
•
As pressure increases, volume
decreases
↑P ↓V
↓P ↑V
P
1
V
1
=
P
2
V
2
Boyle
’
s
Law
Boyle
’
s
Law
•
Think about why this is true:
–
Pressure is caused by gas molecules hitting the
container
–
If the volume of the container is decreased, the
same number of gas molecules are moving in a
much smaller area & will hit the container more
often
Boyle
’
s
Law
:
Example
1
Boyle
’
s
Law
:
Example
1
•
A
sample
of
oxygen
gas
has
a
volume
of
150
mL
when
its
pressure
is
0.947
atm.
What
will
the
volume
of
the
gas
be
at
a
pressure
of
0.987
atm?
Given:
V
1
=
150
mL
V
1
=
150
mL
P
1
=
0.947
atm
P
1
=
0.947
atm
P
2
=
0.987
atm
P
2
=
0.987
atm
Find:
V
2
V
2
Boyle
’
s
Law
:
Example
1
Boyle
’
s
Law
:
Example
1
Given:
V
1
=
150
mL
V
1
=
150
mL
P
1
=
0.947
atm
P
1
=
0.947
atm
P
2
=
0.987
atm
P
2
=
0.987
atm
Find:
V
2
V
2
Plan:
P
1
V
1
P
1
V
1
=
=
P
2
V
2
P
2
V
2
P
1
V
1
P
1
V
1
=
=
V
2
V
2
P
2
P
2
Solve:
V
2
V
2
=
=
(0.947atm)(150
mL)
(0.947atm)(150
mL)
0.987
atm
0.987
atm
V
2
V
2
=
=
144
mL
144
mL
↑P
↓V
?
yes
Check:
↑P
↓V
?
yes
Boyle
’
s
Law
:
Example
2
Boyle
’
s
Law
:
Example
2
•
A
gas
has
a
pressure
of
1.26
atm
and
occupies
a
volume
of
7.40
L.
If
the
gas
is
compressed
to
a
volume
of
2.93
L,
what
will
its
pressure
be?
Given:
P
1
=
1.26
atm
P
1
=
1.26
atm
V
1
=
7.40
L
V
1
=
7.40
L
V
2
=
2.93
L
V
2
=
2.93
L
Find:
P
2
P
2
Boyle
’
s
Law
:
Example
2
Boyle
’
s
Law
:
Example
2
Given:
P
1
=
1.26
atm
P
1
=
1.26
atm
V
1
=
7.40
L
V
1
=
7.40
L
V
2
=
2.93
L
V
2
=
2.93
L
Find:
P
2
P
2
Plan:
P
1
V
1
P
1
V
1
=
=
P
2
V
2
P
2
V
2
P
1
V
1
P
1
V
1
=
=
P
2
P
2
V
2
V
2
Solve:
P
2
P
2
=
=
(1.26atm)(7.40
L)
(1.26atm)(7.40
L)
2.93
L
2.93
L
P
2
P
2
=
=
3.18
atm
3.18
atm
Check:
↓V
↓V
↑P
↑P
?
?
yes
yes
Charles
’
Law
:
Volume
&
Temperature
Charles
’
Law
:
Volume
&
Temperature
•
When temperature increases, volume
increases
↑T ↑V
↓T ↓ V
V
1
=
V
2
T
1
T
2
All temperatures
must be in
Kelvin!!!
Charles
’
Law
Charles
’
Law
•
Think about why this is true:
–
Increase in temp. causes molecules to move faster
–
Faster molecules
more collisions
–
More collisions
more pressure inside container
–
More pressure
bigger volume
Charles
’
s
Law
:
Example
1
Charles
’
s
Law
:
Example
1
•
A
sample
of
neon
gas
occupies
a
volume
of
752
mL
at
25
º
C.
What
volume
will
the
gas
occupy
at
50
º
C?
Given:
V
1
=
752
mL
V
1
=
752
mL
T
1
=
25
ºC
+
273
=
298
K
T
1
=
25
ºC
+
273
=
298
K
T
2
=
50
ºC
+
273
=
323
K
T
2
=
50
ºC
+
273
=
323
K
Find:
V
2
V
2
Charles
’
s
Law
:
Example
1
Charles
’
s
Law
:
Example
1
Given:
V
1
=
752
mL
V
1
=
752
mL
T
1
=
25
ºC
+
273
=
298
K
T
1
=
25
ºC
+
273
=
298
K
T
2
=
50
ºC
+
273
=
323
K
T
2
=
50
ºC
+
273
=
323
K
Find:
V
2
V
2
Plan:
V
1
V
1
=
=
V
2
V
2
T
1
T
1
T
2
T
2
V
1
T
2
V
1
T
2
=
=
V
2
V
2
T
1
T
1
Solve:
V
2
V
2
=
=
(752
mL)(323
K)
(752
mL)(323
K)
298
K
298
K
V
2
V
2
=
=
815
mL
815
mL
Check:
↑T
↑T
↑
↑
V
V
?
?
yes
yes
Charles
’
s
Law
:
Example
2
Charles
’
s
Law
:
Example
2
•
A
helium
balloon
has
a
volume
of
2.75
L
at
20
º
C.
If
you
bring
it
outside
on
a
cold
day,
the
volume
decreases
to
2.46
L.
What
is
the
outside
temperature
in
º
C?
Given:
V
1
=
2.75
L
V
1
=
2.75
L
T
1
=
20
ºC
+
273
=
293
K
T
1
=
20
ºC
+
273
=
293
K
V
2
=
2.46
L
V
2
=
2.46
L
Find:
T
2
T
2
Charles
’
s
Law
:
Example
2
Charles
’
s
Law
:
Example
2
Given:
V
1
=
2.75
L
V
1
=
2.75
L
T
1
=
20
ºC
+
273
=
293
K
T
1
=
20
ºC
+
273
=
293
K
V
2
=
2.46
L
V
2
=
2.46
L
Find:
T
2
T
2
Plan:
V
1
V
1
=
=
V
2
V
2
T
1
T
1
T
2
T
2
V
2
T
1
V
2
T
1
=
=
T
2
T
2
V
1
V
1
Solve:
T
2
T
2
=
=
(2.46
L)(293
K)
(2.46
L)(293
K)
2.75
L
2.75
L
T
2
T
2
=
=
262
K
–
273
=
-11
ºC
262
K
–
273
=
-11
ºC
Check:
↓
↓
V
V
↓
↓
T
T
?
?
yes
yes
Gay-Lussac
’
s
Law
:
Pressure
&
Temperature
Gay-Lussac
’
s
Law
:
Pressure
&
Temperature
•
When temperature increases, pressure
increases
↑T ↑P
↓T ↓P
P
1
=
P
2
T
1
T
2
Remember: all
temperatures
must be in
Kelvin!!!
Gay-Lussac
’
s
Law
Gay-Lussac
’
s
Law
•
Think about why this is true:
–
Increase in temp. causes molecules to move faster
–
Faster molecules
more collisions
–
More collisions
more pressure inside container
Gay-Lussac
’
s
Law
:
Example
1
Gay-Lussac
’
s
Law
:
Example
1
•
Gas
in
an
aerosol
can
is
at
a
pressure
of
3.00
atm
25
º
C.
What
would
the
pressure
be
in
the
can
at
52
º
C?
Given:
P
1
=
3.00
atm
P
1
=
3.00
atm
T
1
=
25
ºC
+
273
=
298
K
T
1
=
25
ºC
+
273
=
298
K
T
2
=
52
ºC
+
273
=
325
K
T
2
=
52
ºC
+
273
=
325
K
Find:
P
2
P
2
Gay-Lussac
’
s
Law
:
Example
1
Gay-Lussac
’
s
Law
:
Example
1
Given:
P
1
=
3.00
atm
P
1
=
3.00
atm
T
1
=
25
ºC
+
273
=
298
K
T
1
=
25
ºC
+
273
=
298
K
T
2
=
52
ºC
+
273
=
325
K
T
2
=
52
ºC
+
273
=
325
K
Find:
P
2
P
2
Plan:
P
1
P
1
=
=
P
2
P
2
T
1
T
1
T
2
T
2
P
1
T
2
P
1
T
2
=
=
P
2
P
2
T
1
T
1
Solve:
P
2
P
2
=
=
(3.00
atm)(325
K)
(3.00
atm)(325
K)
298
K
298
K
P
2
P
2
=
=
3.27
atm
3.27
atm
Check:
↑T
↑T
↑P
↑P
?
?
yes
yes
Gay-Lussac
’
s
Law
:
Example
2
Gay-Lussac
’
s
Law
:
Example
2
•
Before
you
leave
on
a
road
trip,
the
pressure
in
your
car
tires
is
1.8
atm
at
20
º
C.
After
driving
all
day,
the
pressure
gauge
read
1.9
atm.
What
temperature
(in
º
C)
are
your
tires?
Given:
P
1
=
1.8
atm
P
1
=
1.8
atm
T
1
=
20
ºC
+
273
=
293
K
T
1
=
20
ºC
+
273
=
293
K
P
2
=
1.9
atm
P
2
=
1.9
atm
Find:
T
2
T
2
Gay-Lussac
’
s
Law
:
Example
2
Gay-Lussac
’
s
Law
:
Example
2
Given:
P
1
=
1.8
atm
P
1
=
1.8
atm
T
1
=
20
ºC
+
273
=
293
K
T
1
=
20
ºC
+
273
=
293
K
P
2
=
1.9
atm
P
2
=
1.9
atm
Find:
T
2
T
2
Plan:
P
1
P
1
=
=
P
2
P
2
T
1
T
1
T
2
T
2
P
2
T
1
P
2
T
1
=
=
T
2
T
2
P
1
P
1
Solve:
T
2
T
2
=
=
(1.9
atm)(293
K)
(1.9
atm)(293
K)
1.8
atm
1.8
atm
T
2
T
2
=
=
310
K
–
273
=
37
ºC
310
K
–
273
=
37
ºC
Check:
↑P
↑P
↑
↑
T
T
?
?
yes
yes
Combined
Gas
Law
:
Pressure,
Volume
&Temperature
Combined
Gas
Law
:
Pressure,
Volume
&Temperature
•
Combines all three gas laws into one
equation!!
P
1
V
1
=
P
2
V
2
T
1
T
2
temperatures
must be in
Kelvin!!!
Combined
Law
:
Example
1
Combined
Law
:
Example
1
•
A
helium
filled
balloon
has
a
volume
of
50.0
L
at
25
º
C
and
1.08
atm.
What
volume
will
it
have
at
0.855
atm
and
10
º
C?
Given:
V
1
=
50.0
L
V
1
=
50.0
L
P
1
=
1.08
atm
P
1
=
1.08
atm
T
1
=
25
ºC
+
273
=
298
K
P
2
=
0.855
atm
T
1
=
25
ºC
+
273
=
298
K
P
2
=
0.855
atm
T
2
=
10
ºC
+
273
=
283
K
T
2
=
10
ºC
+
273
=
283
K
V
2=
V
2=
Find:
V
2
V
2
Combined
Law
:
Example
2
Combined
Law
:
Example
2
•
A
sample
of
air
has
a
volume
of
140.0
mL
at
67
º
C
under
2
atm.
At
what
temperature
will
its
volume
be
50.0
mL
under
2
atm?
Given:
V
1
=
140.0
L
V
1
=
140.0
L
T
1
=
67
ºC
+
273
=
340
K
V
2
=
50.0
mL
T
1
=
67
ºC
+
273
=
340
K
V
2
=
50.0
mL
P
1
=
P
2
P
1
=
P
2
Find:
T
2
T
2
Quiz
Topics
Tuesday
Quiz
Topics
Tuesday
1.
KMT
2.
Properties of Gases
3.
Combined gas law calculation
4.
P, V, T relationship
5.
Converting Celsius to Kelvin
Assignments
Assignments
•
Summary
•
WS 10-3 practice (due next class)
•
If you are a junior and would like to be
a chemistry lab assistant (T.A.) for next
year let me know.