Endocrine Disorders
Hypo and Hypersecretion
Endocrine Disorders
Hypo secretion and Hypersecretion of hormonesresult in several well describe disorders.
Dwarfism
Pituitary dwarfism is aresult of a hypo secretionof growth hormone.
•Long bone growth isslowed, bodyproportions are normal
Dwarfism
Pituitary dwarfism is aresult of a hypo secretionof growth hormone.
•Long bone growth isslowed, bodyproportions are normal
•Treatment with growthhormone may restorenormal growth
Dwarfism
There are over 300distinct medicalconditions that can resultin dwarfism
A person may be classifiedas a dwarf if their adultheight is less than 4 feet10 inches.
Gigantism
Pituitary gigantism is aresult of a hypersecretionof growth hormone inchildren.
People can reach a heightof 8 feet.
This is usually the result ofa pituitary tumor.
Gigantism
Pituitary gigantism is aresult of a hypersecretionof growth hormone inchildren.
People can reach a heightof 8 feet.
This is usually the result ofa pituitary tumor.
Acromegaly
Acromegaly is a result ofgrowth hormonehypersecretion after theepiphyseal plates haveclosed.
•Over growth of thehands
•Feet
•Face
Growth Hormone Abuse
•Growth hormone has become a source ofabuse by athletes because of its anaboliccharacteristics.
•Stimulates muscle development
•Muscle strength is not proportionate
•Cancer and diabetes may occur
Hypothyroidism
Cretinism
Cretinism is a condition of severely stuntedphysical and mental growth due to untreatedcongenital deficiency of thyroid hormones
Cretinism
Cretinism is a condition of severely stuntedphysical and mental growth due to untreatedcongenital deficiency of thyroid hormones
Causes may be genetic or due to a lack of iodinein the diet
Cretinism
Myxedema
Myxedema is a condition of severehypothyroidism seen in adults.
Changes include:
•Thickening of the skin
•Puffy eyes
•Lethargy
•Mental slowness
Myxedema
Goiter
The conditions of cretinism and myxedema maybe caused by a deficiency of iodine in the diet.
In this, the thyroid gland enlarges and protrudesfrom the neck.
Iodine supplements can reverse the aboveconditions.
Goiter
Grave’s Disease
Grave’s disease is caused by hyperthyroidism.
This is a autoimmune disease where the antibodiesmimic TSH, stimulating TH release.
Symptoms include:
•Elevated metabolic rate
•Sweating
•Rapid heart rate
•Weight loss
•Exophthalmos (protrusion of the eye balls)
Grave’s Disease
Cushing’s Disease
Cushing’s Disease is caused by an excess ofACTH being secreted by the anterior pituitary
gland. Cushing’s syndrome which is cased by aover secretion of glucocorticoids bymedications.
Cushing’s Disease
Symptoms include:
•Loss of muscle and bone protein
•Water and salt retention
•Moon face due to swelling
•A “Buffalo Hump” on the back of the neck
Cushing’s Disease
Addison’s Disease
Addison’s disease is also known as adrenalinsufficiency. The adrenal cortex is hypoactive.
Symptoms include:
•Weight loss
•Dehydration
•Low bold pressure
•Hyperpigmentation of the skin
Addison’s Disease
Diabete mellitus
Diabetes can exist in two forms.
•Type I or Juvenile Diabetes
•Type II or adult onset diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
•Type I or Juvenile Diabetes is an autoimmunedisease and patients are insulin dependent.
Its onset is usually in child hood.
•Type II is called adult onset diabetes. Patientstypically can control symptoms by diet andweight loss.