* Kung Fuzi (MasterKung)
*about 500 B.C.E.
*Advisor to rulersduring WarringStates period ofChina
Ren --> humaneness, benevolence
“Do not do unto others what you wouldnot want others to do unto you.”
Xiao --> Filial Piety (Respect your elders!)
1. Ruler
Subject
2. Father
Son
3. Husband
Wife
4. Elder
Younger
* Status
* Age
* Gender
*Most important Confucian book.
* Focus on social harmony and the role ofrulers and bureaucrats in government.
*assumes that “people are basicallygood.”
* If someone does something bad,education, not punishment, is the answer.
ä Good people will mend their ways if theyhave a good example to follow (the Emperor!)
* Knowing what he knows and knowing what he doesn’t know, is characteristics of the person who knows.
* Making a mistake and not correcting it, is making another mistake.
* The superior man blames himself; the inferior man blames others.
* To go too far is as wrong as to fall short.
* 300s B.C.E.
* Warring States period.
* political philosophyof the Qin Dynasty.
1. Human nature = selfish.
2. Law = morality
3. Ruler = strong, punishing hand forbaddies. Reward good people.
One who favors the principlethat individuals should obeya powerful authority ratherthan exercise individualfreedom.
•Warring States Period
•Tried to escape society and find “theWay of nature.”
* The basic text of Daoism.
* In Chinese, it means The Classic in the Way and Its Power.
* “Those who speak know nothing: Those who know are silent.”
1. Dao [Tao] = exactly like “The Force” inStarwars
2. Goal= to become one with the Dao (nature,the universe, etc.)
3. Wu wei = --> “The art of doing nothing.” --> “Go with the flow!”
4. Man is unhappy because he lives w/ man-made laws that are contrary to theways of nature.
1. Reject formal learning.
2. Rely on instinct.
3. Discover the “rhythm” of theuniverse.
4. Ignore political and social laws.
![The "Dao" [Tao]](data/images/img22.png)
The WAY:
* Masculine
* Active
* Light
* Warmth
* Strong
* Heaven; Sun
* Feminine
* Passive
* Darkness
* Cold
* Weak
* Earth; Moon
How is a man to live in a worlddominated by chaos, suffering, andabsurdity??
Confucianism --> Moral order by properrelationships
Legalism --> harsh law & order.
Daoism --> Freedom for individualsavoidance of conformity.
3 Solutions:
