THE NEWIMMIGRATION
SWBAT: Explain how “new” immigrants compared to “old”immigrants, and the effects of immigration in urban areas
Do Now
DefineAmericanization,and explain theextent to whichit occurred inurban areasduring the late19th century.
Changing Trends
Prior to 1890
Countries of Origin
England
Ireland
Germany
Scandinavian
Old Immigration
New Immigration
Reasons for Immigrating
Escape religious persecution
Jews, particularly fromRussia, had become thevictims of pogroms
Pogroms attacksagainst Jewscharacterized by killingsand/or destruction ofhomes & businesses
Reasons for Immigrating
Available land & farming opportunities
Italy: less & less land available
Farming became unprofitable in Europe
Peasants lost land due to thecommercialization of agriculture
Who would want
restrictions on
immigration?
Labor Unions
Social Darwinists
Nativists
New Nativism
Many believed new immigrants hadno appreciation of liberty & posed athreat to democracy
1894: Immigration Restriction Leaguecalled for restricting illiterateimmigrants from entering the U.S.
Congress passed this in 1897, butlegislation was vetoed by PresidentGrover Cleveland
New Nativism
Several states ended policy of allowingimmigrants to vote before becoming citizens
Secret ballots adopted
Illiterate immigrants could not receiveassistance from party officials at the polls
States adopted literacy requirements
Suffrage become more of a privilege than aright
Major Port of Immigration
Ellis Island
CartoonAnalysis
Discuss andexplain themessage ofeach cartoonand whatgroups wouldagree/disagreewith themessage withyour partner
“Looking Backwards” by Joseph Keppler, founder of Puckmagazine, published January 11th, 1893 in New York City
"Uncle Sam is a Manof Strong Features“,Judge magazine,published November26, 1888 by GrantHamilton
Does this cartoonistsupport or opposeNativism? Explain.
What about this one…
Urbanization
Urbanization & Industrialization occurredsimultaneously
1900: 40% of Americans lived in towns orcities
Who? immigrants & internal migrants fromrural areas, including nearly 1 millionsouthern blacks in the early 1900s
Changes in Urban Areas
Streetcar Cities
Electric trollies, elevatedrailroads, subways segregated workers by income
Skyscrapers
Steel-framed 10+ storiedbuildings, Otis elevators
Ethnic Neighborhoods
Tenements, maintained ownculture (aka: ghettos)
Overcrowding disease
Changes in Urban Areas
The Suburbs
1900: suburbs surrounded major cities
Frederick Law Olmsted designed “a village in thepark”- curved roads, open spaces
Low cost of land & construction, desire for grass,ethnic & racial prejudice, inexpensive commute
Thriving Political Machines
Tightly organized groups of politicians developedinto power centers to coordinate needs ofbusinesses, immigrants & underprivileged (ex.Tammany Hall & Boss Tweed in NYC)
“I don't care whodoes the electing,so long as I get todo the nominating.”
Wrap Up
After reading “HistoricalPerspectives: Melting Pot orCultural Diversity”, and usingyour prior knowledge discussand respond to the followingquestions with your partner:
1. Do you agree more withDegler or Handlin? Explain.
2. Is the cultural diversity in theU.S. society today a permanentcondition –or just unmelted bitsof foreign ways that willsomeday fuse into ahomogeneous culture?
Mulberry Street NYC c1900
