Chapter 24Chapter 24
Section 1- Living EarthSection 1- Living Earth
The difference in the Earth and other plants is that theEarth has an abundance of living organisms.The difference in the Earth and other plants is that theEarth has an abundance of living organisms.
BiosphereBiosphere
Part of the Earth that supports life.Part of the Earth that supports life.
Includes top portion of the Earth’s crust and all the waterthat covers Earth’s surface.Includes top portion of the Earth’s crust and all the waterthat covers Earth’s surface.
Biosphere containsBiosphere contains
FIXED amounts of water,FIXED amounts of water,
Carbon, nitrogen, oxygenCarbon, nitrogen, oxygen
And other mineralsAnd other minerals
Ecosystem- consists of all of theorganisms living in an environment, aswell as nonliving parts of thatenvironment.Ecosystem- consists of all of theorganisms living in an environment, aswell as nonliving parts of thatenvironment.
Ecology- the study of interactions amongorganisms and their environment.Ecology- the study of interactions amongorganisms and their environment.
PopulationPopulation
Organisms in an ecosystem that belong toone species.Organisms in an ecosystem that belong toone species.
Ex. A population of deerEx. A population of deer
CommunityCommunity
All the populations in an ecosystemAll the populations in an ecosystem
Ex. Population of deer, population of turkeys,population of squirrels all living togetherEx. Population of deer, population of turkeys,population of squirrels all living together
HabitatHabitat
The place in which an organism livesThe place in which an organism lives
Ex. The ocean is the shrimps habitatEx. The ocean is the shrimps habitat
Ex. The burrow a chipmunk digs under a patio stoneEx. The burrow a chipmunk digs under a patio stone
Section 2- PopulationsSection 2- Populations
Limiting FactorLimiting Factor
Anything that restricts the number ofindividuals in a population.Anything that restricts the number ofindividuals in a population.
Ex. Availability of food, water, living space, mates, nestingsites.Ex. Availability of food, water, living space, mates, nestingsites.
Carrying CapacityCarrying Capacity
The largest number of individuals of onespecies that an environment can support andmaintain.The largest number of individuals of onespecies that an environment can support andmaintain.
Section 3- InteractionsWithin CommunitiesSection 3- InteractionsWithin Communities
ProducersProducers
Organisms that use an outside energy sourceto make energy-rich moleculesOrganisms that use an outside energy sourceto make energy-rich molecules
Ex. All green plantsEx. All green plants
ConsumersConsumers
Organisms that CANNOT make their ownenergy-rich molecules.Organisms that CANNOT make their ownenergy-rich molecules.
Obtain energy from eating other organisms.Obtain energy from eating other organisms.
4 Types of Consumers4 Types of Consumers
Herbivores- Plant eaters like deer andrabbits.Herbivores- Plant eaters like deer andrabbits.
Carnivores- Animals that eat otheranimals. (meat eaters)Carnivores- Animals that eat otheranimals. (meat eaters)
Ex. Frogs and Spiders eat Insects.Ex. Frogs and Spiders eat Insects.
Omnivores- Eat mostly plants and animals.Omnivores- Eat mostly plants and animals.
Ex. Pigs and HumansEx. Pigs and Humans
Decomposers- Eat dead organismsDecomposers- Eat dead organisms
Ex. WormsEx. Worms
Competition occurs when two or moreorganisms seek the same resource at thesame time.Competition occurs when two or moreorganisms seek the same resource at thesame time.
Type of Consumer??Type of Consumer??
SymbiosisSymbiosis
A close relationship between species.A close relationship between species.
Organisms that live together and share resources.Organisms that live together and share resources.
MutualismMutualism
A symbiotic relationship in which BOTH speciesBENEFITA symbiotic relationship in which BOTH speciesBENEFIT
Ex. LichensEx. Lichens
CommensalismCommensalism
A symbiotic relationship in which one partnerBENEFITS but the other is NOT AFFECTED.A symbiotic relationship in which one partnerBENEFITS but the other is NOT AFFECTED.
Ex. Clown fish and sea anemonesEx. Clown fish and sea anemones
ParasitismParasitism
A symbiotic relationship in which one organismsBENEFITS but the other is HARMED.A symbiotic relationship in which one organismsBENEFITS but the other is HARMED.
Ex. RoundwormsEx. Roundworms
Food ChainsFood Chains
Food Chains- The feeding relationshipsamong the organisms in a population.Food Chains- The feeding relationshipsamong the organisms in a population.
Niche- how an organism survives in itsenvironment.Niche- how an organism survives in itsenvironment.
The role a species plays within a communityThe role a species plays within a community
How it obtains food, shelter, finds a mate, avoidsdanger.How it obtains food, shelter, finds a mate, avoidsdanger.