Chapter 2: The Civil WarChapter 2: The Civil War
Charles vs. ParliamentCharles vs. Parliament
Civil war - when people within acountry are fighting each other
1642 – Charles began a conflict thatwould tear his country apart for 7 years
Both sides had to create an ‘army’
Charles vs. ParliamentCharles vs. Parliament
Charles’ army (Royalists)
Parliament’s army
- Many of them came from noblefamilies (money to pay for weapons)
- Were local militia (citizens who aretrained to act as soldiers in times ofemergency)
- Were used to fighting and riding onhorses
- Were farmers and townspeople
- Were called ‘Royalists’ or‘Cavaliers’
- Most of their army had almost nomilitary experience
- Included experienced commanders(good leaders)
- Had control over the navy
Civil War – Charles vs. ParliamentCivil War – Charles vs. Parliament
Charles was successful at first
◦He won many small battles
Parliament made an alliance withScotland (who was building a moremodern army)
The leader of this “New Model
Army” was Oliver Cromwell,
a puritan who sided with
parliament
Cromwell’s ArmyCromwell’s Army
Cromwell’s soldiers were called“Roundheads” (because they cut theirhair very short compared to the Cavalierswho wore long curls)
Cromwell’s ArmyCromwell’s Army
The Roundheads were:
◦Highly disciplined
◦Usually very religious
◦Well-equipped
steel body-armor and
lobster-tail helmets
Charles vs. Parliament (andCromwell’s Army)Charles vs. Parliament (andCromwell’s Army)
The New Model Army defeated theRoyalists at two important battles
Charles was forced to flee to Scotland
◦He was made a prisoner
◦He was handed over to parliament
The Rump ParliamentThe Rump Parliament
When the civil war had begun, many ofthe members of parliament whosupported the king left parliament to fightwith him
Parliament was left in the hands ofPresbyterians and Puritans
◦They disagreed on many important matters
Presbyterians vs. PuritansPresbyterians vs. Puritans
Presbyterians
Puritans
- Wanted churches to be organized sothat people worshipped the sameeverywhere
- Wanted each church to run itselfseparately from the other churches
- Didn’t care if Charles stayed as king,as long as he agreed to ‘limited’ powers
-Wanted to see the end of themonarchy (no more kings)
The Rump ParliamentThe Rump Parliament
Charles tried to play the two sides againsteach other
◦Was very dishonest with everybody
When rebellions broke out in support ofthe king, the parliamentary army sentsoldiers to drive out the 143Presbyterian members of parliament
The Rump ParliamentThe Rump Parliament
The parliament that was left (thePuritans) were called the “RumpParliament”
◦They charged the king with treason (beingdisloyal to your country) and with making waron his own people
◦He was put on
trial for his life
The Trial of the KingThe Trial of the King
Charles’ trial was strange, difficult andlengthy
In the end, he was found guilty and wassentenced to death
On the day of his execution, Charlesdressed nicely and ate some food (hedidn’t want to seem poor or afraid)
He was led onto a scaffold and executed(his head was cut off)
Charles’ ExecutionCharles’ Execution
