Section 2 Marine Ecosystems
Chapter 20
Life in the Ocean
•Abiotic Factors Marine ecosystems are shapedby abiotic factors including _________________,_______________, and the ________________that passes into the water.
•Plankton Trillions of plankton live in the ocean.Plankton are ____________________________
•_______________________________________.
Section 2 Marine Ecosystems
Chapter 20
Temperature
•Depth and Temperature The temperature ofocean water ______________ as the depth of thewater increases.
Section 2 Marine Ecosystems
Chapter 20
Depth and Sunlight
•The Intertidal Zone The intertidal zone is theplace where ____________________________.
•The Neritic Zone As you move farther away fromshore, into the neritic zone, the water becomes______________________.
•The Oceanic Zone In the oceanic zone, the seafloor _____________________________
•The Benthic Zone The benthic zone is the oceanfloor. The deepest part does not get any________________________.
Section 2 Marine Ecosystems
Chapter 20
A Closer Look
•Intertidal Areas Intertidal areas are found _____the shore. These areas include mudflats, sandybeaches, and rocky shores.
•Coral Reefs Coral reefs are found in ________,___________ areas of the ________zone. Reefsprovide homes for many marine animals andplants.
•Estuaries An area where _______________ fromrivers spills into the ocean is called an estuary.Plants and animals living in estuaries must beable to survive in a changing concentration of salt.
Section 2 Marine Ecosystems
Chapter 20
A Closer Look, continued
•The Sargasso Sea An ecosystem called theSargasso Sea is found in the middle of the_____________ Ocean. The ecosystem containsfloating rafts of __________.
•Polar Ice The Arctic Ocean and the ocean aroundAntarctica have icy waters, which are rich in_________________. Many fishes, birds, andmammals live in this ecosystem.
Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems
Chapter 20
Stream and River Ecosystems
•Water in Streams and Rivers The water inbrooks, streams, and rivers may flow from meltingice or snow. Or the water may come from aspring.
•Tributaries Each stream of water that joins a________________________is called a tributary.
Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems
Chapter 20
Pond and Lake Ecosystems
•Life near Shore The are of water ____________to the edge of a lake or pond is called the littoralzone. The plants in the littoral zone are homes tosmall animals.
•Life Away from Shore The area of a lake or pondthat extends from the littoral zone ____________of the water called the open-water zone. Beneaththe open-water zone is the deep-water zone,where _________________ reaches.
Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems
Chapter 20
Wetland Ecosystems
•Marshes A _________ wetland ecosystem whereplants, such as grasses, grow is called a marsh.Muskrats, turtles, frogs, and birds live in marshes.
•Swamps A wetland ecosystem in which _______
______________ grow is called a swamp. Water
lilies and other plants grow in standing water.
Many fishes, snakes, and birds also live in
swamps.
Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems
Chapter 20
From a Lake to a Forest
•Build Up of Sediments Water entering astanding body of water usually carries _________and __________________. These materials buildup on the bottom of the lake or pond.
•Formation of a Wetland Over time, the pond orlake is filled with sediments. Plants grow in thenew soil and the pond or lake starts becoming a___________________. The wetland then maydevelop into a _____________.