Augustine Joshua Palacios Diaz
Child Development
ED 205 Sec 02
Ms. Rosaline Cepeda
February 25th, 2013
Chapter 6: Cognitive Development inInfancy and Toddlerhood
Bell-work: Suppose you were seeking achild-care setting for your baby. Whatwould you want it to be like and why?
S.L.O.’s:
Students will be able to…
Explain how Vygotsky’s concept of the zone ofproximal development expands ourunderstanding of early cognitive development.
Describe the mental testing approach, themeaning of intelligence test scores, and the extentto which infant tests predict later performance.
S.L.O.’s con’t:
Discuss environmental influences on early mentaldevelopment, including home, child care, andearly intervention for at-risk infants and toddlers.
Describe major milestones in languagedevelopment in the first two years, individualdifferences, and ways adults can support infants’and toddlers’ emerging capacities.
Norms:
•Be Prepared
•Participate
•Respect Each Other
•Give me 5! (eyes on me, ears listening, handsfree, be silent, be still)
•Have fun and enjoy my first presentation.
The Social Context of Early CognitiveDevelopment
Vygotsky believed that children master tasks within the zoneof proximal development.
Tasks that the child cannot yet handle alone but can do withthe help of more skilled partners.
Cultural variations in social experiences can affect mentalstrategies within the first year.
Individual Differences in Early Mental Development
The mental testing approach measures intellectualdevelopment in an effort to predict futureperformance.
Intelligence quotient or IQ compares an individual’sperformance with a standardization or same ageindividuals, whose performances form a normaldistribution.
Developmental quotients or DQs are used ratherthan IQs since infant tests predict laterperformances poorly.
Individual Differences in Early Mental Development
•Research with the Home Observation for Measurement ofthe Environment (HOME) shows that an organized,stimulating home environment and parental affection,involvement, and encouragement of new skillsrepeatedly predict higher mental test scores.
•Standards for developmentally appropriate practicespecify program characteristics that meet youngchildren’s developmental needs.
•Early interventions can prevent the gradual declines inintelligence and the poor academic performance ininfancy through childhood.
Language Development
Getting Ready to Talk- infants begin cooing at 2 months andbabbling around 6 months. At 10 – 11 months, babies’ skillat establishing joint attention improves, and by 12 monthsthey actively engage in turn-taking games and use preverbalgestures.
First Words-Around 12 months, toddlers say their first word.Young children often make errors of underextension andoverextension.
The Two Word Utterances -telegraphic speech occurs oncevocabulary reaches about 200 words. Focuses on high-content words, omitting smaller, less important ones.
Language Development-cont.
Language comprehension develops ahead of production.
Individual and Cultural Differences:
Most toddlers use referential style of learning inwhich early words consist largely of names forobjects.
A few use an expressive style, in which social formulasand pronouns are common and vocabulary growsmore slowly
Supporting Early Language Development
child-directed speech(CDS) is a simplified form oflanguage that is well suited to young children.
Adults in many cultures tend to speak this way withyounger children.
Warm-up Activity – Crossword PuzzleIdentify and answer the following Definitionsrelating to Cognitive Development in Infancy andToddlerhood.
Break into 3 Groups.
Fill in the Crossword Puzzle, up and down.
The first group to complete activity will receivea reward!
Activity #1: Fill in the Blanks Game
Break into 2 Groups – Count in twos
Get into Groups
Group will have a runner up and a listener.
Fill in the blanks is displayed with imagesgroup is to guess the word. First group to getthe word, runner must go up to listener,listener can’t give answer till group says“Meow”.
__ __G __ I __ I __ __
COGNITIVE
__ __ G __ T __ __ __
VYGOTSKY
__ __ __ E __ __ A __ __ I __
TELEGRAPHIC
__ __ __ __
HOME
Conclusion or Assessment: Share what you’velearned! Hacky Sack Pass.