Vertebrates:Reptiles, Birds & MammalsVertebrates:Reptiles, Birds & Mammals
By: Aura, Megan, & MauraBy: Aura, Megan, & Maura
ReptilesReptiles
-three chambers in the heart [w/a small fourth]-three chambers in the heart [w/a small fourth]
-lungs-lungs
-scales-scales
-external fertilization-external fertilization
-oviparous [lays eggs]-oviparous [lays eggs]
-reptiles lay amniotic eggs withshells-reptiles lay amniotic eggs withshells
-reptiles have scales with proteinkeratin in them to create awaterproof barrier which alsoprevents dehydration.-reptiles have scales with proteinkeratin in them to create awaterproof barrier which alsoprevents dehydration.
-the scales help separate themfrom amphibians; preventsbreathing through their skin-the scales help separate themfrom amphibians; preventsbreathing through their skin
-reptiles are ectothermic: theyabsorb external heat as a mainsource of insulation-reptiles are ectothermic: theyabsorb external heat as a mainsource of insulation
-conserve energy by basking inthe sun when cold, and findingshade when too hot-conserve energy by basking inthe sun when cold, and findingshade when too hot
-birds and reptiles both havevertebrates and both have theability to lay eggs-birds and reptiles both havevertebrates and both have theability to lay eggs
BirdiesBirdies
-four chambers in the heart-four chambers in the heart
-lungs-lungs
-feather/skin-feather/skin
-external fertilization-external fertilization
-oviparous [lays eggs]-oviparous [lays eggs]
-wings are remodeled from tetrapodlimb. Shape and arrangement of feathersform the wing into airfoils. Bones arehollow and have honeycomb structurethat’s filled with air-wings are remodeled from tetrapodlimb. Shape and arrangement of feathersform the wing into airfoils. Bones arehollow and have honeycomb structurethat’s filled with air
-birds believed to have evolved fromcertain species of dinosaurs that also arerelated to reptiles-birds believed to have evolved fromcertain species of dinosaurs that also arerelated to reptiles
-feathers are produced by similar tissuesthat produce scales; birds have scales ontheir feet-feathers are produced by similar tissuesthat produce scales; birds have scales ontheir feet
-flightless birds have no sternal keel andpectoral muscles are undeveloped; feetmade to walk on land and usuallyheavier in weight-flightless birds have no sternal keel andpectoral muscles are undeveloped; feetmade to walk on land and usuallyheavier in weight
Five Adaptations forFlyingFive Adaptations forFlying
1.Large pectoral musclesconnecting to the sternum giveflapping powers1.Large pectoral musclesconnecting to the sternum giveflapping powers
2.Efficient respiratory andcirculatory systems and a fourchambered heart to keeptissues supplied with oxygen2.Efficient respiratory andcirculatory systems and a fourchambered heart to keeptissues supplied with oxygen
3.No urinary bladder, femaleshave one ovary to cut down onweight3.No urinary bladder, femaleshave one ovary to cut down onweight
4.Toothless to cut down weightof the skull4.Toothless to cut down weightof the skull
5.Hollow bones– help them fly5.Hollow bones– help them fly
MammalsMammals
four chambers in the heartfour chambers in the heart
lungslungs
skin, hairskin, hair
internal fertilizationinternal fertilization
viviparous [live birth]viviparous [live birth]
jaws of later evolved mammals had lessbones and jaw joint bone has changed; infish & reptiles, jaws are composed ofseveral fused bones and two small bonesjaws of later evolved mammals had lessbones and jaw joint bone has changed; infish & reptiles, jaws are composed ofseveral fused bones and two small bones
like birds, mammals are endothermic,and most have a high metabolic rate.Reptiles, though, are considered “cold-blooded” because they do not use theirmetabolism extensively to control theirbody temperature.like birds, mammals are endothermic,and most have a high metabolic rate.Reptiles, though, are considered “cold-blooded” because they do not use theirmetabolism extensively to control theirbody temperature.
Physical Features Unique toMammalsPhysical Features Unique toMammals
Physical features of mammals:Physical features of mammals:
1.mammary glands: producemilk for offspring1.mammary glands: producemilk for offspring
2.extra layer of fat beneathskin to retain heat2.extra layer of fat beneathskin to retain heat
3.differentiation of teeth:come in a variety of shapes& sizes adapted forchewing many differentkinds of foods3.differentiation of teeth:come in a variety of shapes& sizes adapted forchewing many differentkinds of foods
