PathogenicityofBacteria
campylobacter
e-coli
salmonella
Campylobacter spp.
Salmonella spp.
Escherichia coli
76 Million Cases ofFood-borne illnessevery year in the USA
325,000 result in
hospitalization
5,000 in death
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94,360 cases of MRSA
in 2005
18,650 of which were fatal
tb
1.86 billion infected with
 Mycobacteria tuberculosis
800px-Distribution_of_the_cholera
Cholera
Year Estimated Deaths: 120,000
# of Cases per Year: 3-5 million
• 1399 known human pathogens
• 541 Bacteria
• Discovered at a rate of 3 per year
• ~500 Pathogens occur in livestock
• 40% are zoonotic
• Pathogens in dogs are more than 70% zoonotic
Terms
•Pathogenicity
–Ability of an organism to cause disease
•Virulence Factors
–Substances that contribute to pathogenicity
•Plasmid
–Transferable self-replicating DNA
–Transferred by conjugation
•Genomic Islands
–A part of genome with evidence of horizontal origins
–May be on plasmids
Horizontal Gene Transfer
Horizontal_and_vertical_gene_transfer
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From one generation to the next
Within a single generation