BridgesBridges
Project #3Project #3
Introduction to ManufacturingIntroduction to Manufacturing
ObjectivesObjectives
After completing this activity, students will be ableAfter completing this activity, students will be able
to: to:
State and describe how technology satisfied our needsand wants throughout the agesState and describe how technology satisfied our needsand wants throughout the ages
State and describe different types of materials and why orwhy not they were used on/in buildings and bridgesState and describe different types of materials and why orwhy not they were used on/in buildings and bridges
State and describe different structural shapesState and describe different structural shapes
State and describe the different types of bridges.State and describe the different types of bridges.
State and describe the different types of stresses thataffect a bridge.State and describe the different types of stresses thataffect a bridge.
Explain where your project’s problem areas are or will beExplain where your project’s problem areas are or will be
State the processes involved in creating a Bridge.State the processes involved in creating a Bridge.
Create a Bridge that is capable of spanning an 8-footdistance while supporting my R/C vehicle being drivenacross it and back by you.Create a Bridge that is capable of spanning an 8-footdistance while supporting my R/C vehicle being drivenacross it and back by you.
ContentContent
We have all driven over or walked over a bridgeat some point in our lives. Some are mainly fordriving across while other are only for walking.Bridges are pretty fascinating structures. Thereare many different types of bridges but thesuspension bridge is the one I want to focus onthe most for this project. Your suspensionbridge is going to span an 8-foot distance, andmust do so with no support from the floor or theceiling. It must support my R/C vehicle, withoutyou holding the bridge, all the way across it andback again. .We have all driven over or walked over a bridgeat some point in our lives. Some are mainly fordriving across while other are only for walking.Bridges are pretty fascinating structures. Thereare many different types of bridges but thesuspension bridge is the one I want to focus onthe most for this project. Your suspensionbridge is going to span an 8-foot distance, andmust do so with no support from the floor or theceiling. It must support my R/C vehicle, withoutyou holding the bridge, all the way across it andback again. .
StressesStresses
Compression Stress is the stress caused by anobject being pushed from two opposing sides. Inthe case of your newspaper chairs it is the forcecaused when you sit on the seat and legs arebeing pushed down to the floor.Compression Stress is the stress caused by anobject being pushed from two opposing sides. Inthe case of your newspaper chairs it is the forcecaused when you sit on the seat and legs arebeing pushed down to the floor.
Tension Stress is the stress caused by an objectbeing pulled apart. On your chairs the tensionwill be present on the seat, arms, and back of thechair.Tension Stress is the stress caused by an objectbeing pulled apart. On your chairs the tensionwill be present on the seat, arms, and back of thechair.
StressesStresses
Torsion Stress is the stress caused by an objectbeing twisted. If the legs on the chair are notstructured and supported correctly your chaircould twist and won’t work. Also if the legs arenot constructed properly they could also twist.Torsion Stress is the stress caused by an objectbeing twisted. If the legs on the chair are notstructured and supported correctly your chaircould twist and won’t work. Also if the legs arenot constructed properly they could also twist.
Shear Stress is the stress caused by an objectbeing torn or separated from itself. On yourchairs the shear stress will be present if you don’tpack the legs correctly.Shear Stress is the stress caused by an objectbeing torn or separated from itself. On yourchairs the shear stress will be present if you don’tpack the legs correctly.
StressesStresses
You already learned about the stresses from theNewspaper Chair project. Those same stresseswill affect your bridge all over, maybe not whenit is just set up but when the truck drives over ityou will see it really start to move.You already learned about the stresses from theNewspaper Chair project. Those same stresseswill affect your bridge all over, maybe not whenit is just set up but when the truck drives over ityou will see it really start to move.
It is all in the design and attention to the stresses.It is all in the design and attention to the stresses.
MaterialsMaterials
NO MAGAZINES OR FLYERSNO MAGAZINES OR FLYERS
NewspaperNewspaper
Masking Tape, any sizeMasking Tape, any size
I will provide 2 rolls per group, if you needmore rolls you are responsible for bringingthem in.I will provide 2 rolls per group, if you needmore rolls you are responsible for bringingthem in.
ChallengeChallenge
Each group of 2 students will design, sketch, andconstruct a Newspaper Chair in the Construction Lab.The Sketches are random ideas of your thoughts butthere should be a minimum of 4. From those 4sketches select 1, draw it in detail using a ruler andstraight lines (no freehand drawing). Be sure toinclude dimensions on your Initial Drawings. Whenthe project is complete you will be required tocomplete the evaluation form and do a Final Drawing.The Final Drawing compares what your EnergyLauncher ended up looking like (again, no freehanddrawing, use rulers) to what you drew for your InitialDrawing. Your grade is broken down into 3 parts besure to see the Evaluation part for further explanation. Each group of 2 students will design, sketch, andconstruct a Newspaper Chair in the Construction Lab.The Sketches are random ideas of your thoughts butthere should be a minimum of 4. From those 4sketches select 1, draw it in detail using a ruler andstraight lines (no freehand drawing). Be sure toinclude dimensions on your Initial Drawings. Whenthe project is complete you will be required tocomplete the evaluation form and do a Final Drawing.The Final Drawing compares what your EnergyLauncher ended up looking like (again, no freehanddrawing, use rulers) to what you drew for your InitialDrawing. Your grade is broken down into 3 parts besure to see the Evaluation part for further explanation.
ChallengeChallenge
Your grade for part 1 depends on how close to your InitialDrawing you constructed your Newspaper Chair. The closer itresembles your Initial Drawing, the better your grade will be.The more changes you make or extra pieces you add the loweryour grade will be. There are many ways to accomplish thistask and you will have to keep a steady working pace to ensurethat the chairs are done on time. Part 2 is that the Newspaperchair must hold the weight of each member of the group andMr. Bogen. The chair must have 4 legs, a back to it, and armrests. The legs must be the height of the newspapers whenthey are open in reading position (about 2 to 2.5 feet long).The back can be designed to your liking but must be aminimum of 18” high with arm rests that are a minimum of 8”high. The armrests don’t have to be tied into the back but it is agood idea to rely on the armrests to hold that back up. Your grade for part 1 depends on how close to your InitialDrawing you constructed your Newspaper Chair. The closer itresembles your Initial Drawing, the better your grade will be.The more changes you make or extra pieces you add the loweryour grade will be. There are many ways to accomplish thistask and you will have to keep a steady working pace to ensurethat the chairs are done on time. Part 2 is that the Newspaperchair must hold the weight of each member of the group andMr. Bogen. The chair must have 4 legs, a back to it, and armrests. The legs must be the height of the newspapers whenthey are open in reading position (about 2 to 2.5 feet long).The back can be designed to your liking but must be aminimum of 18” high with arm rests that are a minimum of 8”high. The armrests don’t have to be tied into the back but it is agood idea to rely on the armrests to hold that back up.
ChallengeChallenge
Your seat are can look like anything you wish but must be acovered area, no open style seats where people can fallthrough. The seats must be ON TOP of the legs so you relyon the strength of the legs to carry the weight of you. Thechair must be solid which means that you cannot rely onleaning or balancing your chair to get it to work. The chairmust be made using only newspaper and masking tape, noexceptions. You don’t need a lot of tape to do this project, soI am giving you 2 rolls of masking tape per group. If youneed more tape you must bring it in from home and can bringin as many rolls as possible. We will be weighing theseprojects and part 3 of your grade depends on how light youcan make the chairs. The idea is to make the strongest andlightest newspaper chair. The lighter the chair the better thegrade IF IT HOLDS. It should be less than 45 lbs when done.
ChallengeChallenge
A hint is to make your chair work first, and then start toslowly remove layers of paper until you feel you can’twithout it breaking down. All work to this project mustbe done in class. You cannot bring this project hometo work on it unless I give you permission. I do retainthe right to change any aspect of this project at anytime if I find that the effort going into the project is lessthan adequate. I expect more than the minimum onthis project. Before construction can be done on thisproject you must first sketch the chair complete witharms and a back. Good luck.
ProceduresProcedures
Brainstorm ideas and sketch 4 of themonto 2 pieces of paperBrainstorm ideas and sketch 4 of themonto 2 pieces of paper
Choose a design that you like the best,draw an initial drawing of it withdimensionsChoose a design that you like the best,draw an initial drawing of it withdimensions
Use the supplied materials to create theNewspaper ChairUse the supplied materials to create theNewspaper Chair
Finish the Newspaper Chair using a fillerand any color paint you choose or vinylFinish the Newspaper Chair using a fillerand any color paint you choose or vinyl
EvaluationEvaluation
Sketches and Initial Drawings are a separategrade worth 100 pointsSketches and Initial Drawings are a separategrade worth 100 points
There is a final drawing and an reflectiveworksheet that counts as a separate grade of100 pointsThere is a final drawing and an reflectiveworksheet that counts as a separate grade of100 points
See Attached RubricSee Attached Rubric
Remember that there is no fooling around inthe labRemember that there is no fooling around inthe lab
Always wear your safety glasses or you will beremoved from classAlways wear your safety glasses or you will beremoved from class
EvaluationEvaluation
Project works repeatedly and issturdyProject works repeatedly and issturdy
Project is lighter than 45 lbsProject is lighter than 45 lbs
Project held both group members andMr. Bogen successfully with nobalancingProject held both group members andMr. Bogen successfully with nobalancing
Project resembled the Initial DrawingProject resembled the Initial Drawing
Student shows above average effortStudent shows above average effort
Student shows above average safetyskillsStudent shows above average safetyskills
100 Points
EvaluationEvaluation
Project works sometimes and issomewhat sturdyProject works sometimes and issomewhat sturdy
Project is lighter than 60 lbs.Project is lighter than 60 lbs.
Project held both group members andMr. Bogen successfully with nobalancingProject held both group members andMr. Bogen successfully with nobalancing
Project somewhat resembled the InitialDrawing with minimal changesProject somewhat resembled the InitialDrawing with minimal changes
Student shows average effortStudent shows average effort
Student shows average safety skillsStudent shows average safety skills
75 points
EvaluationEvaluation
Project works sometimesProject works sometimes
Project has a latching mechanism thatworks sometimesProject has a latching mechanism thatworks sometimes
Project launches a baseball forwardsless than 30 feet and not into the boxProject launches a baseball forwardsless than 30 feet and not into the box
Project looks like Initial Drawing withexceptional to moderate changesProject looks like Initial Drawing withexceptional to moderate changes
Student shows moderate effortStudent shows moderate effort
Student not allowed in class if notdemonstrating proper safety skillsStudent not allowed in class if notdemonstrating proper safety skills
50 points
EvaluationEvaluation
Project does not workProject does not work
Project does not have latchingmechanismProject does not have latchingmechanism
Project doesn’t launch baseballProject doesn’t launch baseball
Project does not look like drawingat allProject does not look like drawingat all
Student shows no effortStudent shows no effort
Student not allowed in class if notdemonstrating proper safety skillsStudent not allowed in class if notdemonstrating proper safety skills
0 points