The Collapse of the RepublicThe Collapse of the Republic
The RomansThe Romans
Growing InequalityGrowing Inequality
By the 2nd Century B.C.Rome primarilygoverned by the Senate.By the 2nd Century B.C.Rome primarilygoverned by the Senate.
Rome sufferingeconomically andmilitarily because oflandless plebeians.Rome sufferingeconomically andmilitarily because oflandless plebeians.
Gracchus BrothersGracchus Brothers
Tiberius and GaiusGracchus were reformminded aristocrats.Tiberius and GaiusGracchus were reformminded aristocrats.
Called for laws givingpublic land of thepatricians back to thelandless poor.Called for laws givingpublic land of thepatricians back to thelandless poor.
Tiberius and Gaius laterkilled for their reformbeliefs.Tiberius and Gaius laterkilled for their reformbeliefs.
Marius’s Military ReformsMarius’s Military Reforms
General named Mariusmade matters worseGeneral named Mariusmade matters worse
Recruited soldiers fromlandless poor promisingthem land if they sworeallegiance to him andserved in his military.Recruited soldiers fromlandless poor promisingthem land if they sworeallegiance to him andserved in his military.
Gained great power bydoing this.Gained great power bydoing this.
SullaSulla
Sulla followedMarius’s idea.Sulla followedMarius’s idea.
A Civil War broke outin Rome and Sulla’sarmy seized Rome in82 B.C.A Civil War broke outin Rome and Sulla’sarmy seized Rome in82 B.C.
Sulla would laterrestore power to thesenate in hopes ofreviving the Republic.Sulla would laterrestore power to thesenate in hopes ofreviving the Republic.
The CollapseThe Collapse
From 82-31 B.C.civil wars besetRome.From 82-31 B.C.civil wars besetRome.
Three menCrassus, Pompey,and Julius Caesaremerged victorious.Three menCrassus, Pompey,and Julius Caesaremerged victorious.
Crassus was awealthy landownerwhile the other twowere militaryleaders.Crassus was awealthy landownerwhile the other twowere militaryleaders.
The First TriumvirateCrassus, Pompey, and Julius CaesarThe First TriumvirateCrassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar
Triumvirate is agovernment ruled by 3people with equal power.Triumvirate is agovernment ruled by 3people with equal power.
Each man had a militarycommand.Each man had a militarycommand.
Crassus later killed, andSenate decides thatPompey would be thebest to lead.Crassus later killed, andSenate decides thatPompey would be thebest to lead.
Caesar disagreed.Caesar disagreed.
Caesar Takes PowerCaesar Takes Power
Julius Caesar refused to giveup his command and crossedthe Rubicon River to defeatPompey in 47 B.C.Julius Caesar refused to giveup his command and crossedthe Rubicon River to defeatPompey in 47 B.C.
Caesar then becomes firstdictator of Rome.Caesar then becomes firstdictator of Rome.
Gives land to the poor andexpanded the senate to 900,filling it with his supporters.Gives land to the poor andexpanded the senate to 900,filling it with his supporters.
He would later be assassinatedby his own senators.He would later be assassinatedby his own senators.
Second TriumvirateOctavian, Antony, and LepidusSecond TriumvirateOctavian, Antony, and Lepidus
Early Lepidus is kicked to the curb leaving Antony andOctavian to divide the Roman World between them.Early Lepidus is kicked to the curb leaving Antony andOctavian to divide the Roman World between them.
Octavian took the west and Antony took the east.Octavian took the west and Antony took the east.
Later conflict would arise between the two and Antonywould look to his lover Cleopatra VII for help.Later conflict would arise between the two and Antonywould look to his lover Cleopatra VII for help.
Octavian showed no mercy in defeating Antony andCleopatra, sending them into retreat where they wouldboth commit suicide.Octavian showed no mercy in defeating Antony andCleopatra, sending them into retreat where they wouldboth commit suicide.
The Age of AugustusThe Age of Augustus
Octavian takes power andproclaims the “restorationof the republic.Octavian takes power andproclaims the “restorationof the republic.
Gave some power back toSenate and became Rome’sfirst emperor.Gave some power back toSenate and became Rome’sfirst emperor.
Given title of Augustus bySenate (revered one)Given title of Augustus bySenate (revered one)
Known for his fairness indealing with the people,stabilized Rome’s frontier,and conquered new areas.Known for his fairness indealing with the people,stabilized Rome’s frontier,and conquered new areas.
The Early EmpireA.D. 14 - 180The Early EmpireA.D. 14 - 180
Emperors allowed to picksuccessors.Emperors allowed to picksuccessors.
First four emperors afterAugustus were from hisfamily.First four emperors afterAugustus were from hisfamily.
Tiberius, Caligula,Claudius, and Nero.Tiberius, Caligula,Claudius, and Nero.
All took more power awayfrom the senate and wereconsidered to be corrupt.All took more power awayfrom the senate and wereconsidered to be corrupt.
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Pax RomanaPax Romana
Second century series of5 good emperors.Second century series of5 good emperors.
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian,Antoninus, and MarcusAurelius.Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian,Antoninus, and MarcusAurelius.
Pax Romana stands forthe period of “RomanPeace” Pax Romana stands forthe period of “RomanPeace”
