Maintenance &PreventativeMaintenance
Florida Safety Seminar 2008
TARP HEAD
HEAD Balloons,Inc
PO Box 28
Helen, GA 30545
800-HEADBALLOONS
www.HEADBALLOONS.com
What is MAINTENANCE &PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE?
FAR 1.1 - General definitions.
Maintenance means inspection, overhaul,repair, preservation, and the replacement ofparts, but excludes preventive maintenance.
Preventive maintenance means simple orminor preservation operations and thereplacement of small standard parts notinvolving complex assembly operations.
FAR 1.1 - General definitions
Major repair means a repair:(1) That, if improperly done, might appreciablyaffect weight, balance, structural strength,performance, powerplant operation, flightcharacteristics, or other qualities affectingairworthiness; or(2) That is not done according to acceptedpractices or cannot be done by elementaryoperations.
Minor repair means a repair other than a majorrepair.
Major or Minor Repair?Maintenance or Preventive Maintenance?
What FAR’s pertains toMAINTENANCE ANDPREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE?
Part 91 - Subpart E - Maintenance, PreventiveMaintenance, and Alterations (RegulatoryRequirement)
Part 43 – MAINTENANCE, PREVENTIVEMAINTENANCE, REBUILDING, ANDALTERATION (Regulations governing how thework is done)
Part 43 – MAINTENANCE, PREVENTIVEMAINTENANCE, REBUILDING, AND ALTERATION
Sec. 43.1 - Applicability.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section,this part prescribes rules governing the maintenance,preventive maintenance, rebuilding and alteration ofany:
(1) Aircraft having a U.S. airworthiness certificate;
(3) Airframe, aircraft engines, propellers, appliances, andcomponent parts of such aircraft.
(b) This part does not apply to any aircraft for which anexperimental airworthiness certificate has been issued,unless a different kind of airworthiness certificate hadpreviously been issued for that aircraft.
Who can work on aircraft?
FAR Part 43.3
FAA CERTIFIED PEOPLE
NON-CERTIFICATED PEOPLE
MANUFACTURER
FAA CERTIFIED PEOPLE
A & P Mechanics (Airframe & Powerplant)
FAA Repairmen
Part 43.3 - Persons authorized to performmaintenance, preventive maintenance,rebuilding, and alterations
(b) The holder of a mechanic certificate mayperform maintenance, preventivemaintenance, and alterations …
(c) The holder of a repairman certificate mayperform maintenance and preventivemaintenance…
(e) The holder of a repair station certificatemay perform maintenance, preventivemaintenance, and alterations…
MECHANICS (A & P)
A person who has had on-the-Job training,passed a written exam, an oral exam andpractical examinations by the FAA
Can work for himself
Their training does not include specificballoon training
FAA REPAIRMAN
must work for a Certified Repair Station
may perform any operation that is allowedby the repairman's ratings and the ratingsof the Certified Repair Station
may only be used while working for theCertified Repair Station
NON-CERTIFICATED PEOPLE
Persons working underthe supervision of anyFAA certificated person(A & P or Repairman)
Private Pilot
Commercial Pilot
Part 43.3 - Persons authorized to performmaintenance, preventive maintenance,rebuilding, and alterations
(d) A person working under the supervision of aholder of a mechanic or repairman certificatemay perform the maintenance, preventivemaintenance, and alterations that his supervisoris authorized to perform, if the supervisorpersonally observes the work being done tothe extent necessary to ensure that it is beingdone properly and if the supervisor is readilyavailable, in person, for consultation.
Part 43.3 - Persons authorized to performmaintenance, preventive maintenance,rebuilding, and alterations
(g) The holder of a pilot certificate issued under Part 61may perform preventive maintenance on any aircraftowned or operated by that pilot …
NON-CERTIFICATED PEOPLE - Persons workingunder the supervision of any FAA certificatedperson (A & P or Repairman)
May perform any operation for which thesupervising person is rated (except inspections).
A&P or Repairman must supervise work.
NON-CERTIFICATED PEOPLE –Private or Commercial Pilot
Pilots may do non-critical work on their balloon
Specific operations allowed are listed in FAR 43- Appendix A.
ONLY the operations listed may be performedby the pilot.
MANUFACTURER
Part 43.3 - Persons authorized to performmaintenance, preventive maintenance,rebuilding, and alterations
(j) A manufacturer may--
(1) Rebuild or alter any aircraftmanufactured by him under a type orproduction certificate;
(3) Perform any inspection required byPart 91 on aircraft it manufacturers
BASIS FOR EVALUATING REPAIRPERSONS & REPAIR STATIONS
Evaluate your possiblechoices for repairs onthe basis of their:
Knowledge
Experience
Brand orientation
Personalobservations
Other pilotsrecommendations
EVALUATION – cont’d
FAA certificationindicates the facility hasmet a minimum set ofqualifications
There are no tests topass and no realdemonstration ofcapability is required
"certified" does NOTguarantee competence
How do you get the knowledge tomake an evaluation?
Attend seminars
Get the Repair Manual for your make of balloon. Themanual will NOT teach you how to repair. You are tryingto learn what SHOULD be done, to be certain yourrepairs are done properly
Talk to the manufacturer of your balloon
Talk to other balloonists – get their recommendations
Look at repairs on other balloons
Learn to recognize a good repair - find out where it wasdone
Talk to your repair station people
Take an active interest when your balloon is worked on
Repairing It Yourself
Check FAR 43 Appx. A - Is it legal for you to do theoperation?
Evaluate yourself – are YOU qualified to do the repair?
Are you equipped to do it ?
MAINTENANCE RECORDS
FAA requires you to keep formal WRITTENrecords of all aircraft maintenance.
Normally this is done by keeping an aircraftlogbook.
LOGBOOK
All entries should be clear, legible andtraceable.
IDENTIFICATION
FACTORY ENTRY
OPERATING TIME ENTRIES
MAINTAINENANCE ENTRIES
LOGBOOK - IDENTIFICATION
Put your name and address in the logbook. Withtime, the logbook becomes an importantdocument. If lost, you will be faced with the taskof trying to reconstruct the maintenance andcertification history of your aircraft. Make iteasier for the finder to return the logbook. Manypilots include an offer of a reward in the front ofthe logbook. A reward is certainly notunreasonable when you consider the time andeffort needed to reproduce all of the entries.
LOGBOOK – FACTORY ENTRIES
The first page will always carry an entry of theoriginal factory flight test and of the issuance ofthe Airworthiness Certificate for your balloon. Donot obscure this entry with any entries of yourown. Keep it clear and legible.
LOGBOOK - OPERATING TIME ENTRIES
The FAA requires that a record of operating timeon an aircraft be maintained.
It is reasonable to say that operating time is fromthe start of the inflation until deflation
Operating time MUST include tether time. TheFAA makes no differentiation between tetheredor free flight, it is all a Part 91 operation
Confine information to pertinent data: date,operating time, and any significant incidents.Social activities are extraneous information andshould not be included. The aircraft logbookentry is to keep a record of the operating time.Keep personal records in your PILOTLOGBOOK.
LOGBOOK - MAINTENANCE ENTRIES
ALL maintenance, repairs or alterations must berecorded to complete the operating history of theaircraft
Insist on an entry for a repair that is areasonably complete description of the workthat was done.
If the work is a Major Repair a 337 Form isrequired to be filed – in lieu of a 337 a CertifiedRepair Station may use their Work Order
LOGBOOK - MAINTENANCE ENTRIES
FAR Part 43.9 - Content, form, and dispositionof maintenance, preventive maintenance,rebuilding, and alteration records
(a) Maintenance record entries. each personwho maintains, performs preventivemaintenance, rebuilds, an aircraft, shall makean entry in the maintenance record of thatequipment containing the followinginformation:
(1) A description of work performed
(2) The date of completion of the work
LOGBOOK - MAINTENANCE ENTRIES
(3) The name of the person performing the work if otherthan the person specified in paragraph (a)(4) of thissection.
(4) If the work performed on the aircraft, has beenperformed satisfactorily, the signature, certificatenumber, and kind of certificate held by the personapproving the work. The signature constitutes theapproval for return to service only for the workperformed.
In addition to the entry required by this paragraph, majorrepairs and major alterations shall be entered on a form,and the form disposed of, in the manner prescribed inappendix B, by the person performing the work.
LOGBOOK - MAINTENANCE ENTRIES
FAR Part 43.11 - Content, form, and dispositionof records for inspections conducted under Part91
(a) Maintenance record entries. The personapproving or disapproving for return to servicean aircraft after any inspection performed inaccordance with Part 91, shall make an entryin the maintenance record of that equipmentcontaining the following information:
LOGBOOK - MAINTENANCE ENTRIES
(1) The type of inspection and a briefdescription of the extent of the inspection
(2) The date of the inspection and aircrafttotal time in service.
(3) The signature, the certificatenumber, and kind of certificate held bythe person approving or disapproving forreturn to service the aircraft.
LOGBOOK - MAINTENANCE ENTRIES- AD’s
FAR 91.417 says that a record or current statusor all applicable AD's must be maintained BYTHE OWNER/OPERATOR.
LOGBOOK –PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE ENTRIES
FAR Part 43, which sets forthmaintenance requirements, states thatPreventive Maintenance work done by apilot must be recorded and "signed off"by the pilot. Appendix A of Part 43 listsspecific operations which may beperformed under this regulation.
FAR Part 43 APPX A
(c) Preventive maintenance. Preventivemaintenance is limited to the following work,provided it does not involve complex assemblyoperations:
FAR Part 43 APPX A
(5) Replacing defective safety wiring or cotter keys.
(6) Lubrication not requiring disassembly other thanremoval of nonstructural items
(7) Making simple fabric patches not requiring … theremoval of structural parts …. In the case of balloons,the making of small fabric repairs to envelopes (asdefined in, and in accordance with, the balloonmanufacturers' instructions) not requiring load taperepair or replacement.
(9) Refinishing decorative coating of fuselage, balloonbaskets, …, when removal or disassembly of anyprimary structure or operating system is not required.
FAR Part 43 APPX A
(10) Applying preservative or protective material tocomponents where no disassembly of any primarystructure or operating system is involved and where suchcoating is not prohibited or is not contrary to goodpractices.
(11) Repairing upholstery and decorative furnishings… of balloon basket interior when the repairing does notrequire disassembly of any primary structure oroperating system or interfere with an operating system oraffect the primary structure of the aircraft.
(15) Replacing seats or seat parts with replacementparts approved for the aircraft, not involving disassemblyof any primary structure or operating system.
FAR Part 43 APPX A
(21) Replacing any hose connection except hydraulicconnections.
(22) Replacing prefabricated fuel lines.
(24) Replacing and servicing batteries.
(25) Cleaning of balloon burner pilot and main nozzles inaccordance with the balloon manufacturer's instructions.
(26) Replacement or adjustment of nonstructuralstandard fasteners incidental to operations.
(27) The interchange of balloon baskets and burners onenvelopes when the basket or burner is designated asinterchangeable in the balloon type certificate data andthe baskets and burners are specifically designed forquick removal and installation
LOGBOOK - MAINTENANCE ENTRIES
Incomplete or missing entries may beparticularly vexing at Annual Inspection time.
Significant repairs but no mention in the logbookraises suspicions. Why was the work notlogged? Who did the work? Were theycompetent? If they did not know enough tomake a logbook entry, did they know how tomake the repair correctly?
An inspector will probably be hesitant to "signoff" unknown work and may insist on redoing it.
LOGBOOK - DUPLICATION
In the event your logbook is ever lost ordestroyed, one way to eliminate the needto reconstruct the information in thelogbook is to periodically photocopy it. Inaddition to avoiding the loss of the data inthe logbook, if you sell the balloon you canretain a copy of the logbook for yourrecords should a question ever arise.
LOGBOOK - ACCESS
Some documents must be carried in the balloonduring flight, but NOT the logbook. Carrying it inthe balloon is discouraged. In addition to theincreased hazard of losing the logbook, it maybe destroyed if the balloon is in an accident.
It is only necessary to make the logbookavailable to authorized persons on reasonableadvance notice.
FAR Part 43.13 - Performance rules
(a) Each person performing maintenance,alteration, or preventive maintenance on anaircraft shall use the methods, techniques,and practices prescribed in the currentmanufacturer's maintenance manual orInstructions for Continued Airworthinessprepared by its manufacturer, or othermethods, techniques, and practicesacceptable to the Administrator
FAR Part 43.13 - Performancerules
(b) Each person maintaining or altering, orperforming preventive maintenance, shall dothat work in such a manner and use materialsof such a quality, that the condition of theaircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, orappliance worked on will be at least equal to itsoriginal or properly altered condition (with regardto aerodynamic function, structural strength,resistance to vibration and deterioration, andother qualities affecting airworthiness).
Approved Parts – FAR Part 21
CFR Part 21 - Certification procedures forproducts and parts
Subpart K - Approval of Materials, Parts,Processes, and Appliances
21.301 - Applicability
This subpart prescribes procedural requirementsfor the approval of materials, parts, processes,and appliances.
Approved Parts
21.303 - Replacement and modification parts
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section,no person may produce a … replacement part forsale for installation on a type certificated productunless it is produced pursuant to a PartsManufacturer Approval (PMA) issued under thissubpart.
(b) This section does not apply to the following:
(1) Parts produced under a type or productioncertificate.
(3) Parts produced under an FAA Technical StandardOrder.
Approved Parts
21.305 - Approval of materials, parts, processes, andappliances.
Whenever a material, part, process, or appliance isrequired to be approved under this chapter, it may beapproved --
(a) Under a Parts Manufacturer Approval
(b) Under a Technical Standard Order issued by theAdministrator.
(c) In conjunction with type certification procedures
(d) In any other manner approved by the Administrator.
Unapproved Parts
A part, component, or material that has not beenmanufactured in accordance with the approvalprocedures in FAR § 21.305, or has not beenrepaired in accordance with FAR Part 43;
A part, component, or material that may notconform to an approved type design.
Such unapproved parts may not be installed ona type certificated product, unless adetermination of airworthiness can be made.
Who can do what?
MAINTENANCE – Mechanic, Repairman,Person working under supervision
ALTERATIONS – Mechanic, Repair Station,Manufacturer
PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE – Mechanic,Repairman, Repair Station, Private orCommercial Pilot
REBUILDING – Manufacturer
INSPECT – Manufacturer, Repair Station,Mechanic (with Inspection Authorizationdesignation)
SOFT LANDINGS
