Outbreak of Severe AcuteRespiratory Syndrome (SARS)in Hong Kong
The Hong KongMedical AssociationThe Hong KongMedical Association
Types of Pneumonia
Bacterial Pneumonia
Atypical Pneumonia-Mycoplasma
Viral
Chemical
Severe AcuteRespiratory Syndrome (SARS)
First recognised in Feb 2003 (case in Hanoi)
A form of Atypical Pneumonia
characteristics-high fever (>38°C or 100.4° F)
-dry cough
-breathing difficulties
-rapid deterioration
No. of case of SARS worldwide (1)
From: 1 Nov 2002 To: 20 May 2003, 16:00 GMT+2
Country
Cumulative no. ofcase(s)
No. of deaths
No. recovered
Local transmission
Australia
6
0
6
None
Brazil
2
0
2
None
Canada
140
23
106
None
China
5,248
294
2,254
Yes
China, Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region
1,718
253
1,229
Yes
China, Macao Special AdministrativeRegion
1
0
0
None
China, Taiwan
383
52
63
Yes
Colombia
1
0
1
None
Finland
1
0
0
None
France
7
0
6
None
Germany
9
0
9
None
India
3
0
3
None
Indonesia
2
0
2
None
Italy
9
0
9
None
Kuwait
1
0
1
None
Malaysia
7
2
5
None
No. of case of SARS worldwide (2)
From: 1 Nov 2002 To: 20 May 2003, 16:00 GMT+2
Country
Cumulative no. of case(s)
No. of deaths
No.recovered
Local transmission
Mongolia
9
0
8
Yes
New Zealand
1
0
1
None
Philippines
12
2
8
Yes
Republic of Ireland
1
0
1
None
Republic of Korea
3
0
2
None
Romania
1
0
1
None
Singapore
206
28
161
Yes
South Africa
1
1
0
None
Spain
1
0
1
None
Sweden
3
0
3
None
Switzerland
1
0
1
None
Thailand
8
2
5
None
United Kingdom
4
0
4
None
United States
67
0
34
None
Viet Nam
63
5
58
None
Total
7,919
662
3,984
Figures on Atypical Pneumonia in HK
From: The Department of Health website as at 20 May 2003
Nature
CumulativeNumber
Total No. ofDischargedPatients
Total No.of Deaths
No. of Patientsin Hospital
Health care workersof Hospitals/Clinicsand medicalstudents
379
330 (+ 6)
253 (+ 2)
236 (- 14)
Recoveringpatients inconvalescene:58
Active cases:178 (- 9)
Patients, familymembers & visitors
1,339 (+ 4)
889 (+ 10)
Total
1,718 (+ 4)
1,229 (+ 16)
Suspected cases
16
Epidemiological linkage
Metropole
Hotel
3 Singapore visitors
Outbreak in Singapore
2 Canadian visitors
A private hospital outbreak on Hong Kong Island
Outbreak in Toronto, Canada
1 American Chinese
Hanoi outbreak index case
PWH index patient
Onset: 21 Feb 03
1 Mainland visitor
Onset: 21 Feb 03
Succumbed at KWH
Symptoms ofRespiratory Illness
Symptoms
Frequency
Fever
94%
Chills
65%
Malaise
64%
Headache
50%
Myalgia
50%
Cough
50%
Rigors
43%
Dizziness
30%
Diarrhoea
27%
Runny nose
24%
Sore throat
23%
Known Facts about SARS
Less infectious than influenza
Incubation 2 to 7 days
Infective period?
A new virus?
Any treatment?
Mortality?
How does SARS spread?
NOT airborne
Droplets
- via close contact with an infected person
Contaminated working surfaces
(e.g. formites, stainless steel)
~ survival up to 6 hours
The wearing of face masks
Healthcare workers looking aftersuspected/confirmed cases of SARS
Family members of suspected/confirmed case
Wearing in public area?
N95? Surgical mask?
Guideline for wearing facemask
1.Wash hands before wearing a facemask.
2.Follow the instructions on the packet carefully, if available.
3.In general, when wearing a surgical facemask, the followingshould be noted:
the facemask should fit snugly over the face;
the coloured side of the facemask should face outside;
tie all the strings that keep the facemask in place or fix therubber bands of the facemask round the ears properly;
the facemask should fully cover the nose, mouth as well asthe chin;
the metallic wire part of the facemask should be fixedsecurely over the bridge of the nose to prevent leakage;
under general circumstances, the surgical mask should bechanged daily.
posted on the Department of Health website on 28/03/2003
Guideline for wearing facemask
4.Put the facemask into a plastic bag and tie itproperly before putting it into a rubbish bin. Youmay dispose a used facemask concealed in aseparate bag with the rest of your domesticwastes.
5.Replace the facemask immediately if it is damagedor soiled.
posted on the Department of Health website on 28/03/2003
Wearing a facemask is just one of the ways to preventrespiratory tract infections. The most important thinga person should do is to observe good personalhygiene. For example, wash hands frequently withliquid soap, especially after sneezing, coughing orcleaning the nose.
Prevention ofRespiratory Tract Infection (1)
Building good body immunity by having aproper diet, regular exercise and adequaterest, reducing stress and avoiding smoking;
Maintain good personal hygiene, and washhands after sneezing, coughing or cleaningthe nose;
Maintain good ventilation;
Prevention ofRespiratory Tract Infection (2)
Avoid visiting crowded places with poorventilation;
Put on a mask if taking care of a patientwith respiratory symptoms and wash handsthoroughly afterwards;
Put on a mask if suffering from respiratorytract infection to reduce the chance ofspreading the infection to people aroundthem.
Statistics on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
There is no unusual rise in the number of CAP
The causes of CAP are similar to previous years
(50% each of known causes and unknown causes)
Disease
2001
2002
2003
(till 15/3/2003)
Pneumonia
24,400
18,000
3,646
~ The End ~
The Hong KongMedical AssociationThe Hong KongMedical Association