PowerPoint Presentation

The Process and Principles ofUniversal Design

The Process of Universal DesignThe Process of Universal Design

The process of universal designrequires a macro view of theapplication being considered aswell as a micro view of subparts ofthe application. Universal designcan be applied to a variety ofapplications—Universal Design,Process, Principals, andApplications

-University of Washington

Universal design is the design ofproducts and environments to beusable by all people, to the greatestextent possible, without the needfor adaptation or specializeddesign.–Ron Mace, The Center for UniversalDesign

Identify theApplicationIdentify theApplication

Specify theproduct orenvironment towhich you wishto applyuniversal design.

This stove hasbeen modified toaccommodate awheelchair

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Define the UniverseDefine the Universe

Describe the overallpopulation (e.g., users ofservice), and thendescribe the diversecharacteristics of potentialmembers of thepopulation for which theapplication is designed(e.g., students, faculty,and staff with diversecharacteristics withrespect to gender; age;size; ethnicity and race;native language; learningstyle; and abilities to see,hear, manipulate objects,read, and communicate).

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Involve ConsumersInvolve Consumers

Consider and involve people withdiverse characteristics, as identifiedin Step 2, in all phases of thedevelopment, implementation, andevaluation of the application. Alsogain perspectives through diversityprograms, such as the campusdisability services office.

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AdoptGuidelines andStandardsAdoptGuidelines andStandards

Create or selectexisting universaldesignguidelines/standards.Integrate them withother best practiceswithin the field of thespecific application.

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Apply Guidelines and Standards.Apply Guidelines and Standards.

Apply universal designin concert with bestpractices within thefield, as identified inStep 4, to the overalldesign of theapplication, allsubcomponents of theapplication, and allongoing operations (e.g.,procurement processes,staff training) tomaximize the benefit ofthe application toindividuals with thewide variety ofcharacteristics identifiedin Step 2.

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Plan for AccommodationsPlan for Accommodations

Develop processesto addressaccommodationrequests (e.g.,purchase of assistivetechnology,arrangement forsign languageinterpreters) fromindividuals forwhom the design ofthe application doesnot automaticallyprovide access.

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Train and SupportTrain and Support

Tailor and deliverongoing training andsupport to stakeholders(e.g., instructors,computer support staff,procurement officers,volunteers). Shareinstitutional goals withrespect to diversity andinclusion. Train staff onbest practices to create awelcoming, accessible,and inclusive experiencefor everyone.

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Evaluate.Evaluate.

Include universal designmeasures in periodicevaluations of theapplication, evaluate theapplication with adiverse group of users,and make modificationsbased on feedback.Develop ways for usersto provide ongoingfeedback (e.g., throughonline and printedinstruments andcommunications withstaff).

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PRINCIPLE ONE: Equitable Use

The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities.

Guidelines:

1a. Provide the same means of use for all users: identical whenever possible;

equivalent when not.

1b. Avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users.

1c. Provisions for privacy, security, and safety should be equally available to all users.

1d. Make the design appealing to all users.

Source: The Universal Design Centerhttp://design.ncsu.edu/cud/about_ud/udprinciplestext.htm

Automatic sliding doors allow ease of entry andexit for all shoppers, whether pushing a cart,carrying a child or going through in a wheelchair.

PRINCIPLE TWO: Flexibility in Use

The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities.

Guidelines:

2a. Provide choice in methods of use.

2b. Accommodate right- or left-handed access and use.

2c. Facilitate the user's accuracy and precision.

2d. Provide adaptability to the user's pace.

A Universal Design ATM has a largescreen and keypad with braille buttons.Keypad panel is flat and low enough toaccess from a wheelchair. The card entryslot is marked by a visual cue for ease ofvisibility.

PRINCIPLE THREE: Simple and Intuitive Use

Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience,knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level.

Guidelines:

3a. Eliminate unnecessary complexity.

3b. Be consistent with user expectations and intuition.

3c. Accommodate a wide range of literacy and language skills.

3d. Arrange information consistent with its importance.

3e. Provide effective prompting and feedback during and after task completion.

A moving sidewalk or escalator isconvenient for people who havedifficulty walking and those who don’t.

PRINCIPLE FOUR: Perceptible Information

The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardlessof ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities.

Guidelines:

4a. Use different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant presentation

of essential information.

4b. Provide adequate contrast between essential information and its surroundings.

4c. Maximize "legibility" of essential information.

4d. Differentiate elements in ways that can be described (i.e., make it easy to

give instructions or directions).

4e. Provide compatibility with a variety of techniques or devices used by people

with sensory limitations.

A thermostat with Universal Design usestactile and pictorial cues to communicatenecessary information regardless oflighting or the user’s sensory abilities.

PRINCIPLE FIVE: Tolerance for Error

The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental orunintended actions.

Guidelines:

5a. Arrange elements to minimize hazards and errors: most used elements,

most accessible; hazardous elements eliminated, isolated, or shielded.

5b. Provide warnings of hazards and errors.

5c. Provide fail safe features.

5d. Discourage unconscious action in tasks that require vigilance.

The “undo” button is a softwarefeature that can correct mistakes dueto accidental or unintended actions,but is beneficial to all users.

PRINCIPLE SIX: Low Physical Effort

The design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue.

Guidelines:

6a. Allow user to maintain a neutral body position.

6b. Use reasonable operating forces.

6c. Minimize repetitive actions.

6d. Minimize sustained physical effort.

A touch lamp and a lever door knob areefficient and comfortable not only forthose bothered by repetitive motion, butby someone with their hands full.

PRINCIPLE SEVEN: Size and Space for Approach and Use

Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation and useregardless of user’s body size, posture or mobility

Guidelines:

7a. Provide a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or standinguser.

7b. Make reach to all components comfortable for any seated or standing user.

7c. Accommodate variations in hand and grip size

7d. Provide adequate space for the use of assistive devices or personal assistance.

This Universally Designed kitchen has clear floorspace around appliances, with controls on the frontof the appliances.

NC State University, The Center for Universal Design, (2008). About UD:Universal Design Principles. Retrieved June 20, 2008, from The Center forUniversal Design Web site:http://design.ncsu.edu/cud/about_ud/udprinciples.htm