Chapter 1: The Nature of Science

Chapter 1: The Nature ofScienceChapter 1: The Nature ofScience

Science Is EverywhereScience Is Everywhere

Science—Knowledge based onobserved facts and tested truthsarranged in an orderly system:biological or physical sciences

Pure SciencePure Science

the study of science alone, not includingits relations to other subjectsthe study of science alone, not includingits relations to other subjects

The gathering of new information or thediscovery of a new relationship or factThe gathering of new information or thediscovery of a new relationship or fact

Adds to the body of scientific knowledgeAdds to the body of scientific knowledge

Might not have practical uses.Might not have practical uses.

pure science is divided into thefollowing categories:pure science is divided into thefollowing categories:

Physical sciences, which deal with matter andenergy and allow us to describe the materialuniverse in terms of weight, mass, volume, andother standard, objective measures.Physical sciences, which deal with matter andenergy and allow us to describe the materialuniverse in terms of weight, mass, volume, andother standard, objective measures.

Earth sciences, which explain the phenomenaof the Earth, its atmosphere, and the solarsystem to which it belongs.Earth sciences, which explain the phenomenaof the Earth, its atmosphere, and the solarsystem to which it belongs.

Life sciences, which describe living organisms,their internal processes, and their relationship toeach other and the environmentLife sciences, which describe living organisms,their internal processes, and their relationship toeach other and the environment

Applied ScienceApplied Science

The science of applying scientificknowledge to practical problemsThe science of applying scientificknowledge to practical problems

TechnologyTechnology

Practical use of scientific informationPractical use of scientific information

Known as applied scienceKnown as applied science

EngineeringEngineering

Nature of ScienceNature of Science

Section 2: Finding outSection 2: Finding out

Exercise vs problemExercise vs problem

Exercise—the method for reaching thesolution is known; solving a crosswordpuzzleExercise—the method for reaching thesolution is known; solving a crosswordpuzzle

Problem—the method of solution must bedeveloped; fixing a flat tireProblem—the method of solution must bedeveloped; fixing a flat tire

Solving problemsSolving problems

Define the problemDefine the problem

Use what you know about the problem to predicta solution and try it.Use what you know about the problem to predicta solution and try it.

Look for patterns that will help you makepredictions about the problem.Look for patterns that will help you makepredictions about the problem.

Develop a Model (an idea, system, or structurethat represents what you are trying to explain)Develop a Model (an idea, system, or structurethat represents what you are trying to explain)

Break the problem down into smaller, simplerproblemsBreak the problem down into smaller, simplerproblems

Critical thinkingCritical thinking

A process that use certain skills to solve aproblemA process that use certain skills to solve aproblem

Flex your brain p. 15Flex your brain p. 15

Skills you need to solveproblemsSkills you need to solveproblems

Observation: Using your senses togather informationObservation: Using your senses togather information

Research: Find out more informationResearch: Find out more information

Hypothesis: testable predictionHypothesis: testable prediction

Experiment: Test the hypothesisExperiment: Test the hypothesis

Collect data and analyzeCollect data and analyze

ConclusionConclusion

TheoryTheory

An explanation based on manyobservations supported by experimentalresults.An explanation based on manyobservations supported by experimentalresults.

Most logical explanation of why thingswork.Most logical explanation of why thingswork.

Scientific LawScientific Law

A rule of nature that explains relatedobservations and experimental results todescribe a pattern in nature.A rule of nature that explains relatedobservations and experimental results todescribe a pattern in nature.

Exploring ScienceExploring Science

Scientific Method stepsScientific Method steps

Determine the problemDetermine the problem

Gather InformationGather Information

Make a hypothesisMake a hypothesis

Test your hypothesisTest your hypothesis

Analyze the resultsAnalyze the results

Draw conclusionsDraw conclusions

ExperimentExperiment

An organized procedure for testing ahypothesisAn organized procedure for testing ahypothesis

Control—a standard for comparisonControl—a standard for comparison

Constant—a factor that doesn’t vary in anexperimentConstant—a factor that doesn’t vary in anexperiment

Independent variable—the factoradjusted by the experimenter.Independent variable—the factoradjusted by the experimenter.

Dependent variable—a factor whosevalue depends on the independentvariable.Dependent variable—a factor whosevalue depends on the independentvariable.

Parts of the experimentParts of the experiment

Bowling Ball ExperimentBowling Ball Experiment

What is my hypothesis?What is my hypothesis?

What is my control?What is my control?

What are my possibleconstants?What are my possibleconstants?

Independent variable?Independent variable?

Dependant Variable?Dependant Variable?

Possible answers-Possible answers-

Blood will spray farther ifthe ball is dropped from agreater height.Blood will spray farther ifthe ball is dropped from agreater height.

A non participantA non participant

Ball weight, size, height?Ball weight, size, height?

Height of ballHeight of ball

Spray of bloodSpray of blood