Health Risks Associated with Being Overweight
•Coronary heart disease
•Hypertension
•Hypercholesterolemia
•Diabetes
Health Risks Associated with Being Overweight
There are also health risks associated with being too thin!
•The body reacts to the lack of food by becoming extremely thin
•developing brittle hair and nails
•dry skin
•constipation, diarrhea
•reduced muscle mass, loss of menstrual cycle
•swelling of joints
•heart problems
•osteoporosis
•mental health issues
•death
Definitions
•Mass: the body’s total weight.
•Body composition: The relative percentage of muscle, fat, bone, andother tissues that comprise the body.
•Fat mass: is made up of fat (adipose tissue).
•Percentage body fat: % of total body weight that is composed of fat.
•Lean body mass: Lean body mass is the weight of a person's body minusthe fat. This includes muscle, bones, organs, and other nonfat tissue.
Definitions
•Underfat: too little body weight comprised of fat.
•Overfat: too much of the body weight comprised of fat.
•Obese: extreme overfatness.
•Moderately Overweight: 20% over desirable body weight.
•Severely overweight: 40% over desirable body weight.
Proper uses of results:
- Serve as baseline data for repeated testing.
-Provide motivation for goal setting.
-Provide awareness about health risks.
-Estimate athlete’s optimal body weight.
-Monitor changes in body composition (Athletes,children, overweight persons)
Proper uses of results:
- Serve as baseline data for repeated testing.
-Provide motivation for goal setting.
-Provide awareness about health risks.
-Estimate athlete’s optimal body weight.
-Monitor changes in body composition (Athletes,children, overweight persons)
BMI
WHR
Skinfold assessment
BMI
WHR
Skinfold assessment
Body Composition Testing
BMI Re-CapBMI Re-Cap
•BMI: A measure of body composition using a height-weight formula
•BMI is used to give us an idea of whether the client is obese, and the extentof their obesity
•Formula:
–Body mass index (BMI) = weight in kilograms divided by height inmeters squares
–BMI = kg
h2
–BMI unit of measurement: kg/m2
BMI Re-CapBMI Re-Cap
•BMI does not actually measure body composition
•It can be used as a quick measurement to check if an individualis overweight, but it is inaccurate
•BMI does not distinguish between fat and muscle
•Muscle is denser, thus heavier than fat
•i.e. A person with a lot of muscle may be
inaccurately described as obese
•Hip-to-waist ratio (HWR) is taken as an indicator of the health risksassociated with obesity, and in particular the risk of coronary heart disease
Regional Fat Deposition
•Abdominal body fat poses greater health risks than fat stored in other areas
•Males store more fat centrally and have increased health risks associatedwith body fatness
Higher health risk Lower health risk
Hip-To-Waist Ratio Re-Cap
Hip-To-Waist Ratio Re-Cap
•Hip-to-waist ratio = waist measurement in centimetres divided
by hip measurement in centimetres
•HWR = waist (cm)
hip (cm)
Body Composition & Sports Performance
Swimmer
Swimmer
Ballet
dancer
Ballet
dancer
Rugby
player
Rugby
player
Volleyball
player
Volleyball
player
Body
builder
Body
builder
Sumo
Wrestler
Sumo
Wrestler
Questions
1.Define:
a.Body composition.3
b.Lean body mass.3
2.What do the following abbreviations stand for:
a.BMI2
b.WHR2
3.What are the risks associated with being overweight?4
4.List 8 risks associated with being underweight.8
5.What is BMI; and what is it used for?4
6.A man weighs 76kg and is 1.71m tall. Calculate his BMI.2
7.What are the limitations of BMI?3
8.Differentiate between ‘overfat’ and ‘obese’.2
9.What is the WHR used for?2
10.Differentiate between the ‘apple’ and ‘pear’ body shape, also explain which one is of greater risk andwhy.6
11.If a woman has a waist measurement of 72cm, and a hip measurement of 110cm, calculate her WHR.2
12.How does the body composition of a ballet dancer differ from that of a body builder?4
13.What are the results of body composition tests used for?5