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Welcome!
The Topic For Today is The MoralInstinct by Steven Pinker
The Moral Instinct
Main Claim
Biological Basis
Spheres andEmphases
TrolleyProblems, etc.
Future ofMorality
Main Claim: 200
•Question:
• With the title of his article, Pinker claims thisis the basis of morality.
•Answer
•Instinct
Back
Main Claim: 400
•Question:
•  When people are asked to judge the moralityof celebrities, they do not rely on this.
•Answer
• Reasoning.
Back
Main Claim: 600
•Question:
• When presented with moral dilemmas,people cannot explain what?
•Answer
•Their moral choices
Back
Main Claim: 800
•Question:
• Name one factor that does influence how wejudge others’ morality.
•Answer
•Possible answers: wearing white clothing,religious behavior, public appeals for charity.
Back
Main Claim:1000
•Question:
•Name of the man compared with Bill Gatesand Mother Theresa in Pinker’s opening.Answer
•Norman Borlaug
Back
Biological Basis:200
•Question:
•During the trolley problems involving directharm to others, FMRI of brains shows what isoccurring?
•Answer
•Conflict between different regions.
Back
Biological Basis:400
•Question:
•De Waal’s studies of chimpanzees givencucumbers rather than grapes for the sametask showed they have a sense of what?Answer
•Fairness.
Back
Biological Basis:600
•Question:
•De Waal’s studies of chimpanzees given a taskwhere they must cooperate to get food, evenwhen one of them is not hungry, showed theyhave a sense of what
•Answer
•Empathy.
Back
Biological Basis:800
•Question:
•Elephants asked to cooperate pulling ropes toget food usually do, but one cheated by doingwhat?
•Answer
•Standing on the rope.
Back
Biological Basis:1000
•Question:
•Studies of such animals as chimpanzees andelephants, which show they have some moraltraits, supports what aspect of human morals?Answer
•Evolution (from morality in animal ancestors).
Back
Spheres andEmphases: 200
•Question:
•Pinker says that there are how many spheresof morality
•Answer
•Five
Back
Spheres andEmphases: 400
•Question:
•Haidt’s work on surveys with the trolleyproblem and similar dilemmas showsconservatives and liberals agree on what?Answer
•Harm and Fairness spheres.
Back
Spheres andEmphases: 600
•Question:
•Name two morality spheres that are de-emphasized by liberals.
•Answer
•Possible answers: Purity, community,authority/obedience
Back
Spheres andEmphases: 800
•Question:
•Name one spheres of morality to whichMother Theresa probably appeals in herappearance of morality?
•Answer
•Possible answers: Purity, community
Back
Spheres andEmphases: 1000
•Question:
•According to Pinker, how do people changetheir emphasis on certain spheres?
•Answer
•Either or both: Moralization or demoralization
Back
TrolleyProblems: 200
•Question:
•Pinker explains that when people are facedwith throwing a lever to cause one rather thanfive deaths, they usually choose what?
•Answer
•Lever (or One)
Back
TrolleyProblems: 400
•Question:
• When people could save five from a runawaytrolley by throwing someone on the track,what do they decide, throwing or inaction?
•Answer
•Inaction
Back
TrolleyProblems: 600
•Question:
• Different choices when faced with the samenumerical odds of saving life shows thatpeople don’t use what in choosing moralactions?
•Answer
• Logic (reasoning).
Back
TrolleyProblems: 800
•Question:
• 
•The underlying principle in throwing someoneon the tracks in the Trolley Problem seems tobe what a violation of what sphere of morality,according to Pinker? Answer
•Harm or hurt.
Back
TrolleyProblems: 1000
•Question:
•The Trolley Problem has been criticized asneglecting several factors that could influencehow a person would choose.  From classdiscussion of other sources, name one suchfactor.
•Answer
•Possible answers: Relative’s life, affiliation withsame group as some of the people, knowingversus not knowing them.
Back
Future Morality:200
•Question:
•What does Pinker say people might thinkabout morality if it’s an instinct?
•Answer
•Shaky or threatened.
Back
Future Morality:400
•Question:
•What basis of morality does Pinker see ashaving lost force today?
•Answer
•Religion
Back
Future Morality:600
•Question:
•If animals are moral, what possible basis ofmorality is most incompatible with that?Answer
•Religions that claim humans are specialcreations in the image of god.
Back
Future Morality:800
•Question:
•In experiments, animals are generous evenwhen they won’t get a reward.  What doesPinker think they might gain?
•Answer
•Future good will.
Back
Future Morality:1000
•Question:
•Why does Pinker think that morality will noterode if people accept a biological basis ratherthan a religious one?
•Answer
•Knowing the basis will increase self-knowledge.
Back
Bonus Question:5000 pts.
•Question:
•Give the name of the endowed chair thatSteven Pinker holds at Harvard University.
•Answer
• Johnstone Family Professor of Psychology.
Back
Daily Double
The Winner Of The Last Round
Write Down How Much Money
You Are Willing To Risk
If You get the Question right you win that money
If you get it wrong you Lose the money!
Daily Double
The Winner Of The Last Round
Write Down How Much Money
You Are Willing To Risk
If You get the Question right you win that money
If you get it wrong you Lose the money!