Nutritional Anemia

What is Anemia?What is Anemia?

Anemia is having less than normal number of red blood cellsor less hemoglobin than normal in the blood.Anemia is having less than normal number of red blood cellsor less hemoglobin than normal in the blood.

*Microcytic Anemia: Any abnormal small cells usuallyresulting from deficiency of Iron.*Microcytic Anemia: Any abnormal small cells usuallyresulting from deficiency of Iron.

*Macrocytic or Megaloblastic Anemia: is a blood disordercharacterized by anemia with red blood cells that are largerthan normal, usually resulting from deficiency of B12, andFolic Acid.*Macrocytic or Megaloblastic Anemia: is a blood disordercharacterized by anemia with red blood cells that are largerthan normal, usually resulting from deficiency of B12, andFolic Acid.

Hemolytic Anemia: anemia resulting from destruction ofreythrocytes (cells that carry oxygen to all part of the body(RBCs)) usually resulting from deficiency of Vitamin E.Hemolytic Anemia: anemia resulting from destruction ofreythrocytes (cells that carry oxygen to all part of the body(RBCs)) usually resulting from deficiency of Vitamin E.

Nutritional AnemiaNutritional Anemia

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I I

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Iron deficiency may developed under the followingconditionIron deficiency may developed under the followingcondition

1- Inadequate intake1- Inadequate intake

2- impaired absorption2- impaired absorption

Vitamin C deficiency, and hypoacidity ofstomach (lack of I.F.) intrensic factorVitamin C deficiency, and hypoacidity ofstomach (lack of I.F.) intrensic factor

Excess dietary oxalates and phosphates inplant foodsExcess dietary oxalates and phosphates inplant foods

3- chronic blood loss3- chronic blood loss

Parasitic (hookworms, belharziasis, malaria)Parasitic (hookworms, belharziasis, malaria)

pathological conditions associated withchronic bleeding, urinary, gastrointestinalpathological conditions associated withchronic bleeding, urinary, gastrointestinal

4- Frequent blood donation4- Frequent blood donation

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Decreased amount of hemoglobinDecreased amount of hemoglobin

Small (microcytic), pale-colored (hypochromic)red cellsSmall (microcytic), pale-colored (hypochromic)red cells

Reduced number of red cellsReduced number of red cells

Less plasma iron, and depleted iron storesLess plasma iron, and depleted iron stores

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Susceptible groups. Due to increased iron needSusceptible groups. Due to increased iron need

Preterm infantsPreterm infants

growing infants and young childrengrowing infants and young children

Adolescent girls and females(pregnant and lactation)Adolescent girls and females(pregnant and lactation)

ElderlyElderly

Specific preventionSpecific prevention

1- Adequate nourishment of the vulnerablegroup.1- Adequate nourishment of the vulnerablegroup.

2- dietary supplementation of the vulnerablegroup to meet their increased needs(enriched powder milk, iron preparation)2- dietary supplementation of the vulnerablegroup to meet their increased needs(enriched powder milk, iron preparation)

3-Prevention and control of parasiticdiseases3-Prevention and control of parasiticdiseases

4- Prevention and control pathologicalconditions which may be associated withchronic blood loss.4- Prevention and control pathologicalconditions which may be associated withchronic blood loss.

5- Nutrition education for selection ofabsorbable iron-rich foods.5- Nutrition education for selection ofabsorbable iron-rich foods.

Megaloblastic AnaemiasMegaloblastic Anaemias

A macrocytic anemia in which RBCs development in the bonemarrow stops at the stage of megaloblasts. It is includespermicious anaemia due to vit. B12, and anaemia of pregnancydue to folic acid deficiency.A macrocytic anemia in which RBCs development in the bonemarrow stops at the stage of megaloblasts. It is includespermicious anaemia due to vit. B12, and anaemia of pregnancydue to folic acid deficiency.

Susceptible groupSusceptible group

1- Folacin deficiency1- Folacin deficiency

(pregnant, lactating)(pregnant, lactating)

2- B12 deficiency2- B12 deficiency

VegetariansVegetarians

subjects of atrophied stomach mucosa, or gastrectomysubjects of atrophied stomach mucosa, or gastrectomy

InfectionInfection

Cases of malabsorption syndromeCases of malabsorption syndrome

Specific Prevention Of Megaloblastic AnaemiasSpecific Prevention Of Megaloblastic Anaemias

1- Anemia of pregnancy:1- Anemia of pregnancy:

*Adequate feeding during pregnancy and lactation, to *Adequate feeding during pregnancy and lactation, to

satisfy increased requirement of B12 and Folic Acid satisfy increased requirement of B12 and Folic Acid

+ supplements + supplements

2- Pernicious anemia:2- Pernicious anemia:

* Balanced diet, with reasonable amount of animal food. * Balanced diet, with reasonable amount of animal food.

*Supplementing diet of vegetarian with B12. *Supplementing diet of vegetarian with B12.

*Compensation for lacking Intrinsic Factor IF which is *Compensation for lacking Intrinsic Factor IF which is

necessary for absorption of Vitamin B12 in case of necessary for absorption of Vitamin B12 in case of

atrophic mucosa atrophic mucosa

* Prevention and control of infection. * Prevention and control of infection.

Normal Values of the hemogram(Figure 1Normal Values of the hemogram(Figure 1

Men

Women

Test

13, 5-17, 7

12-16

Hg (g/dl)