Organizing Data and Information

Organizing Dataand Information

Outline

Introduction to Data Management

–Basic Concepts

Data Modeling and Database Models

–Translating business models to databasemodels

Database Management Systems

–The software

Recent Developments

–New applications for database

Hierarchy of Data

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Data Entities and Attributes

Entity

–Generalized class of people, places, orthings for which data is collected, stored,and maintained

Attributes

–A characteristic of an entity

Keys and Attributes

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Traditional Approach to Data Management

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Database Approach to Data Management

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Advantages of Database Approach

Improved strategic useof corporate data

Reduced dataredundancy

Improved data integrity

Easier modification andupdating

Data and programindependence

Better access to dataand information

Standardization of dataaccess

Framework for programdevelopment

Better overall protectionof the data

Shared data andinformation resources

Disadvantages of Database Approach

Relatively high cost of purchasing andoperating a DBMS in a mainframeoperating environment

Increased cost of specialized staff

Increased vulnerability

Outline

Introduction to Data Management

Data Modeling and Database Models

–Translating business models to databasemodels

Database Management Systems

Recent Developments

Data Modeling

Data Model

–A diagram of data entities and theirrelationships

Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagrams

–A data model that uses basic graphicalsymbols to show the organization ofrelationships between data

Keys

Key:

–A field or set of fields in a record that isused to identify the record

Primary Key

–A field or set of fields that uniquelyidentifies the record

An Entity-Relationship Diagram

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Database Models

Hierarchical (Tree) Models

Network Model

Relational Models

A Hierarchical Database Model

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A Network Database Model

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A Relational Database Model

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Outline

Introduction to Data Management

Data Modeling and Database Models

Database Management Systems

–The software

Recent Developments

Database Management System (DBMS)

A group of programs that manipulatethe database and provide an interfacebetween the database and the user ofthe database and other applicationprograms

Building and Modifyinga Relational Database

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Schemas and Subschemas

Schema

–A description of the entire database

Subschema

–A file that contains a description of asubset of the database and identifies whichusers can view and modify the data itemsin the subset

Use of Schemas and Subschemas

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Logical and PhysicalAccess Paths

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Structured Query Language

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Database Output

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Worldwide Database Market Share, 1998

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Selecting a DBMS

Database Size

Number ofconcurrent users

Performance

Integration

Features

The Vendor

Cost

Outline

Introduction to Data Management

Data Modeling and Database Models

Database Management Systems

Recent Developments

–New applications for databases

Recent Developments

Data Warehouses: A database that collectsbusiness information from many sources inthe enterprise, covering all aspects of thecompany’s processes, products, andcustomers

Data Mart: a subset of a data warehouse

Data Mining: an information analysis tool thatinvolves the automated discovery of patternsand relationships in a data warehouse

Database-driven Web sites

Elements of a Data Warehouse

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How to Designa Data Warehouse

Sharply define goals and objectives

Choose the software that best fits thegoals

Determine what should be in thedatabase

Develop a plan

Measure results

Common Data MiningApplications

Market segmentation

Customer churn

Fraud detection

Direct marketing

Market basket analysis

Trend analysis

On-Line AnalyticalProcessing (OLAP)

Software that allows users to exploredata from a number of differentperspectives

OLTP and Data Warehousing

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OLTP and Data Mining

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Open DatabaseConnectivity (ODBC)

Standards that ensure that softwarewritten to comply with these standardscan be used with any ODBC-compliantdatabase

Advantages of ODBC

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ORDBMS

Object-Relationship DatabaseManagement System (ORDBMS)

Supports object-oriented businessmodeling

Business Intelligence

The process of getting enough of theright information in a timely manner andusable form and analyzing it so that itcan have a positive impact on businessstrategy, tactics, or operations

Database-Driven Web Sites

Two main uses for databases in Websites

–Customize Web site to the user. Our classsite is an example.

–Expose internal data about customers tocustomers.

Outline

Introduction to Data Management

–Basic Concepts

Data Modeling and Database Models

–Translating business models to databasemodels

Database Management Systems

–The software

Recent Developments

–New applications for database