Colonial GeorgiaColonial Georgia
Oglethorpe, the Charter of 1732, reasons for settlement(charity, economics, and defense), Tomochichi, MaryMusgrove, and the city of Savannah
Trustee Period of Georgia's colonial history, Salzburgers,Highland Scots, malcontents, and the Spanish threat fromFlorida
Royal colony with regard to land ownership, slavery,government, and the impact of the royal governors
James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe
James Oglethorpe:Member forParliament, JailsCommittee, wantedreform in the JailSystem in England.
Considered thefounder and Father ofGeorgia.
Colony of GeorgiaColony of Georgia
James OglethorpePetitioned the Kingfor a colonybetween SouthCarolina andFlorida.
He proposed thisColony be namedGeorgia, after KingGeorge II.
Reasons for Establishing theGA ColonyReasons for Establishing theGA Colony
Defense –BufferColony
DefendsouthernCarolinasfrom Spanishattack fromFlorida.
Reasons for Establishing the GAColonyReasons for Establishing the GAColony
Economy –Mercantilism
England could makemoney trading withIndians who livedbetween the AtlanticOcean and theMississippi River.Colonies could supplyraw materials toEngland. New market forEnglish manufacturedgoods.
Reasons for establishingthe GA ColonyReasons for establishingthe GA Colony
•Religious freedom toProtestants being mistreatedby Catholics.
•More land and greaterpower for the King ofEngland.
Charter of 1732Charter of 1732
Issued by KingGeorge II in 1732.
Oglethorpe & settlersarrived in SouthCarolina in Februaryof 1733.
They quicklynegotiated land fromNative Americans andbegan the colony.
Tomochichi & Mary MusgroveTomochichi & Mary Musgrove
Tomochichi
Mary Musgrove
Tomochichi was theleader of the YamacrawCreeks.
Negotiated withOglethorpe to allowsettlers to land atfuture site of Savannahon the Savannah River.
Ran a trading postwith her husband.
Was half English halfYamacraw.
Served as aninterpreter forOglethorpe andTomochichi.
City of SavannahCity of Savannah
Built alongYamacraw bluff onthe Savannah River.
First planned city inthe New World.
First year 25% ofthe settlers died dueto contaminateddrinking water. Theydied of dysentery.
Special Plan forSavannahSpecial Plan forSavannah
•Open spaces, calledsquares, were the mainfeature.
•Each public square wasto be a neighborhoodcenter.
•Facing each square werefour special lots set asidefor public buildings.
•Around each squarewere 40 house lots, each60 by 90 feet, organizedinto 4 groups of 10.
•The squares thatOglethorpe designed arestill a major part ofdowntown Savannah.
Trustee PeriodTrustee Period
Colony set up by 21Trustees, includingJames Oglethorpe for21 years.
Land given to colonistscould not be sold & nomoney could beborrowed on it – landcould only be passeddown to a male heir.
Trustee PeriodTrustee Period
Each colonist was toreceive seeds andagricultural tools
Colonists were touse a portion of theland to growmulberry trees(hoped for silkproduction)
Spanish Threat in FLASpanish Threat in FLA
TheSpanishsettlementin Floridawas thegreatestthreat tothe GAcolony.
The Spanishcontinued toattack GAuntil theBattle ofBloodyMarsh.
Battle of Bloody MarshBattle of Bloody Marsh
War broke out betweenEngland and Spain in1739.
Oglethorpe took actionin the colonies againstSpain by invadingFlorida.
Fighting betweenEngland and Spain hadbeen going on for over2 years when the“Battle of Bloody Marsh”occurred.
Battle of Bloody MarshBattle of Bloody Marsh
• Battle happened in Julyof 1742
• Fort Frederica on St.Simons Island
•Result of Battle:Oglethorpe and forceswere successful andpushed the Spanish backto Florida.
•The last time the Spanishattempt to invade GA.
Highland Scots settled & built FortDarien.
Served in defending GA againstthe Spanish in Florida.
Tomochichi’s Role in the Warwith SpainTomochichi’s Role in the Warwith Spain
•Tomochichi set upmeetings withOglethorpe and otherchiefs.
•Tomochichi’s nephewserved with Oglethorpein the Battle of BloodyMarsh.
•After the WAR,Oglethorpe waspromoted to General.
![TheBurialPlaceofTomo-Chi-Chi,MicooftheYamacraws,inCourtHouseSquare[WrightSquare],Savannah.JPG (61890 bytes)](data/images/img19.png)
When Tomochichi died, Oglethorpegave him a full military funeral. Heis buried in Courthouse Square inSavannah.
Failures & Gains of ColonyFailures & Gains of Colony
Failures
Gains
Few debtors ever reachedcolony’s shores.
Colony was an economicfailure.
Many colonists movedelsewhere.
Rum and slavery wereeventually introduced after all.
Lack of leadership afterOglethorpe left (Colony had 4different leaders before itbecame a Royal Colony.)
5,500 people settled in Georgiaand built new homes to starttheir lives.
Protestants were able topractice their religion freely.
Georgia was safe from Spanishinvasion and had worked outtreaties with Indians.
Colonists gained ownership ofland and women could inheritproperty.
Colony survived despitehardships of the first 20 years.
Royal ColonyRoyal Colony
Georgia became a Royalcolony in 1754.
Three Royal Governors inGeorgia after the TrusteePeriod was over.
John Reynolds, Henry Ellisand Sir James Wright.
Sir James Wright was thebest of the RoyalGovernors.
Royal Rule Changes GARoyal Rule Changes GA
Land: Restrictions wererelaxed, and colonistswere allowed slavery.
Boundaries: Border forGA was changed to theMississippi River.
Religion: AnglicanChurch is the officialchurch of the colony.
Government: RoyalGovernors and alegislative body ofwhite, male, landowners created.
Slavery: Allowed
The French & Indian War: 1754 - 1752The French & Indian War: 1754 - 1752
Great Britain andColonies V/S French& their Indian Allies.
Spain joins Franceagainst GreatBritain.
France & Spain LOSTto Great Britain andthe Colonies.
The Treaty of Paris of1763 required thelosing countries ofSpain and France togive up portions oftheir land in NorthAmerica.
Cruelties ofWarCruelties ofWar
•Most of thefighting in theFrench & IndianWar occurred onthe Frontier.
•Women andchildren wereoften the targetof French &Indian attacks.
•Cruelties suchas scalping werecommon.
Created four newAmerican Colonies:Quebec (Canada);Grenada (Caribbean);East and West Florida.
Extended GA’s SouthernBoundary to the St.Mary’s River
Reserved all land westof the AppalachianMountains for theNative Americans – fortheir help in the French& Indian War
The Proclamation of 1763The Proclamation of 1763
The Colony ProspersThe Colony Prospers
The Spanish andthe French were nolonger a threat toGA.
After the war, theCreeks ceded (gaveup) 2 million acresof land to GA.
The State began tosurvey the newterritory to give theland away
The HeadrightSystem &Population GrowthThe HeadrightSystem &Population Growth
A plan fordistributing Indianland ceded toGeorgia
The head of eachfamily had a rightto 100 acres ofland, plus additionalland for each familymember.
As a result, GA’spopulation morethan doubled, whilethe slave populationmore than tripled.
Salzburgers &EbenezerSalzburgers &Ebenezer
Lutheran Salzburgerscame to Georgia and builtEbenezer, located 25 milesupriver Savannah.
They came to Americabecause of religiouspersecution
Residents worked tosupport the church; it’sschool, and orphanage.
Salzburgers & ReligionSalzburgers & Religion
No hard liquor, dancing,gambling, or otherfrivolous activities.Misbehaving waspunished according tochurch rules.
After disease killed manyadults, they began toproduce & sell lumber,rice, beef, and pork.
Led all communities inproduction of silk, andeventually cotton.
John Adam Treutlen:‘Governor’ of Georgia.
A group ofSavannah Coloniststhat petitioned theTrustees to allowslavery.
Thought it was notfair that SouthCarolina was ableto have slavery.
Blamed lack ofeconomic successon lack of slaves.
MalcontentsMalcontents
Slavery Debate in GASlavery Debate in GA
Malcontents & Slavery
Salzburgers AgainstSlavery
Claimed that theycould never raiseenough products toexport without helpfrom slave.
Claimed that the GAclimate was too hotfor white workers;only blacks couldraise rice.
Having slaves wouldtake away the whiteswill to work.
Slavery was wrong.
Idea that whitescould not raise ricewas ridiculous; theSalzburgers hadalready been raisingrice for years.
Triangular TradeTriangular Trade
Products of Colonial GeorgiaProducts of Colonial Georgia
Goods GA WasSupposed toProduce forEngland.
Goods GAActuallyProduced
Silkworms
Grapes forWine
Rice
Indigo – Blue Dye
Rice
CottonProductionEventually