Organizing Life
7 Characteristics of Life
1)Living things are organized (Hierarchy of levels)
-Cell: Smallest unit of life
-Tissue: A group of cells that perform a specificfunction
-Organ: Several tissues joined together
-Organ systems: Organs that work together toperform a body function
7 characteristics of life
2) Living things acquire materials and energy
-Outside sources of energy and buildingmaterials are needed for an organism tomaintain its organizations.
Energy: the capacity to do work
Materials: Molecules that make up the parts ofthe cell come from the food we eat
7 Characteristics of life
3) Living things reproduce
-Life comes from life
-Genes are sections of DNA that code for certaintraits. These genes allow organisms to makemore of themselves.
-DNA contains two groups of information:
Structures & Metabolism (chemical reactions)
7 Characteristics of Life
4) Living things respond tostimuli
-Usually in the form ofmovement
Eg. 1 Predator movetowards prey = reacting tosight of prey.
Prey = Stimulus
Eg. 2 Plants move towardsthe sunlight = reacting tolight.
Light = Stimulus
7 Characteristics of Life
5) Living things are homeostatic
-Homeo = similar Static = stationary
-The internal environment of the living thing isconstant
Eg. Body temperature,
Rate of Digestion
Heart rate at rest,
Breathing
7 characteristics of life
6) Living things grow and develop
Growth: Increase in the number or size of cells
Develop: The changes that take place fromconception to death
7 Characteristics of Life
7) Living things can adapt to their environment
Species: Group of individuals capable ofinterbreeding
Adaptation: Trait that makes an animal bettersuited to its environment
-Environments are constantly changing.
-After a change in the environment the bettersuited individuals of a species will survive andreproduce. This will lead to a change in thespecies = adapt
7 Characteristics of Life
Eg. Grasslands
- Early herbivores favoured leafy plants becausethey were easy to digest.
-As the grass completely took over theindividuals who could not digest it starved andthose who could survived and reproduced
Organization of Species
Systematics: The act of identifying species thenclassifying them according to a set of rules.
Each species is placed in the following groups:
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Eg. Bearded Dragon
Domains
Domain: Three groups used to divide all knownspecies. These groups are based on the structureof the cell.
Three Domains:
1)Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic organisms
2)Archaea: Unicellular prokaryotic organismsrelated to eukaryotes
3)Eukarya: Uni or
multicellular organisms made
of eukaryotic cells
Classification of Organisms
Classification of Organisms
Classification of Organisms
Kingdom: Protista
Kingdom
Organization
Type ofNutrition
Examples ofthe Kingdom
Protista
Complex Singlecelled organism
Abrosption
Ingestion
Photosynthesis
amoeba
Kingdom: Fungi
Kingdom
Organization
Type ofNutrition
Examples ofthe Kingdom
Fungi
Multicellularfilamentousorganism withcomplex cells
Absorption
mushrooms
Kingdom: Plantae
Kingdom
Organization
Type ofNutrition
Examples ofthe Kingdom
Plantae
Complexmulticellularorganism
Photosynthesis
All Plants
Kingdom: Animalia
Kingdom
Organization
Type ofNutrition
Examples ofthe Kingdom
Animalia
Multicellularorganism
Ingestion
Fish, Reptiles,birds,mammals,
Binomial Nomenclature
Binomial Nomenclature: A name given to anspecies in Latin. Consists of two parts
1)First name = Name of the genus
First letter is Capitalized
2)Second name = Name of Species
Eg Gray Wolf.
Genus = Canis
Species = Lupus
Binomial nomenclature = Canis lupus
Assignment