Chordates
Chordates
Chordates
Chordates
◊What is a chordate?
•1. Has either a backbone or anotochord (vertebrate)
•2. Can either be an ectotherm oran endotherm
◊What is a chordate?
•1. Has either a backbone or anotochord (vertebrate)
•2. Can either be an ectotherm oran endotherm
Chordates
Chordates
◊Endotherm (warmblooded)
•Has a stable body temperature
◊Ectotherm (coldblooded)
•Can change body temperaturedue to the environment
◊Endotherm (warmblooded)
•Has a stable body temperature
◊Ectotherm (coldblooded)
•Can change body temperaturedue to the environment
Chordates
Chordates
◊5 Major Catagories of Chordates
•Fish
•Amphibians
•Reptiles
•Birds
•Mammals
◊5 Major Catagories of Chordates
•Fish
•Amphibians
•Reptiles
•Birds
•Mammals
Amphibians
Amphibians
◊Amphibian- means “double life”
•Why?
◊After beginning their lives in water, mostamphibians spend their adulthood on land,returning to water to reproduce. (Lose gills andacquire lungs)
◊Amphibian- means “double life”
•Why?
◊After beginning their lives in water, mostamphibians spend their adulthood on land,returning to water to reproduce. (Lose gills andacquire lungs)
◊http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/amphibians-animals/frogs-and-toads/frog_greentree_lifecycle.html
◊http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/amphibians-animals/frogs-and-toads/frog_greentree_lifecycle.html
Amphibians
Amphibians
◊3 types/orders:
•Anura (frogs and toads),
•Caudata (salamanders and newts), and
•Gymnophiona (caecilians, limblessamphibians that resemble snakes)
◊3 types/orders:
•Anura (frogs and toads),
•Caudata (salamanders and newts), and
•Gymnophiona (caecilians, limblessamphibians that resemble snakes)
Amphibians
Amphibians
◊What’s the difference between a frogand a toad?
•1. Many toads have lumps behind theireyes that contain poison that oozes outwhen they are attacked.
•2. Skin-
◊Frogs are moist and smooth
◊Toads are dry and bumpy
◊What’s the difference between a frogand a toad?
•1. Many toads have lumps behind theireyes that contain poison that oozes outwhen they are attacked.
•2. Skin-
◊Frogs are moist and smooth
◊Toads are dry and bumpy
Frog Dissection
Frog Dissection
◊What are the rules of lab?
◊How should we behave?
◊http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_16/BL_16.html
◊What are the rules of lab?
◊How should we behave?
◊http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_16/BL_16.html
Frog Dissection- Mouth
Frog Dissection- Mouth
Reptiles
Reptiles
◊An ectothermic vertebrate that haslungs and scaly skin.
◊Major Groups:
•Lizards
•Snakes
•Turtles
•Alligators
•Crocodiles
◊An ectothermic vertebrate that haslungs and scaly skin.
◊Major Groups:
•Lizards
•Snakes
•Turtles
•Alligators
•Crocodiles
Reptiles
Reptiles
◊Unlike amphibians, which have a thin,moist skin, reptiles have dry, tough skincovered with scales.
•Skin protects and helps keep water intheir bodies.
◊Unlike amphibians, which have a thin,moist skin, reptiles have dry, tough skincovered with scales.
•Skin protects and helps keep water intheir bodies.
Reptiles
Reptiles
◊Lizards and snakes shed their skin.
◊All snakes are carnivores but not alllizards are.
◊Turtles have a shell made from theirribs and backbone.
◊Lizards and snakes shed their skin.
◊All snakes are carnivores but not alllizards are.
◊Turtles have a shell made from theirribs and backbone.
Reptiles
Reptiles
◊What is the difference between analligator and a croc?
•Alligators have broad, rounded snouts,with only a few teeth visible.
•Crocodiles have pointed snouts, and youcan see most of their teeth.
◊What is the difference between analligator and a croc?
•Alligators have broad, rounded snouts,with only a few teeth visible.
•Crocodiles have pointed snouts, and youcan see most of their teeth.
Birds
Birds
◊Bird: an endothermic vertebrate thathas feathers and a four-chamberedheart, and lays eggs.
◊The rule is:
•If it has feathers, it’s a bird.
◊Bird: an endothermic vertebrate thathas feathers and a four-chamberedheart, and lays eggs.
◊The rule is:
•If it has feathers, it’s a bird.
Birds
Birds
◊Feathers:
•Contour: one of the large feathersthat give shape to a bird’s body.
•Flight: long contour feathers thatextend beyond the body on the wingsand tail.
•Down: short, fluffy that arespecialized to trap heat and keep abird warm.
◊Feathers:
•Contour: one of the large feathersthat give shape to a bird’s body.
•Flight: long contour feathers thatextend beyond the body on the wingsand tail.
•Down: short, fluffy that arespecialized to trap heat and keep abird warm.
Birds
Birds
◊Feed
•Capture, grip and handle food, birds usetheir bills.
•Bills specify per species
•Internal storage tank called a crop
•Birds do not have teeth, a gizzard performsthe grinding function
◊Feed
•Capture, grip and handle food, birds usetheir bills.
•Bills specify per species
•Internal storage tank called a crop
•Birds do not have teeth, a gizzard performsthe grinding function
Birds
Birds
◊Adaptations for Flight
•4 chambered heart
•Highly efficient respiratory system
•Lightweight bones with air spaces
◊Adaptations for Flight
•4 chambered heart
•Highly efficient respiratory system
•Lightweight bones with air spaces
Mammals
Mammals
◊All mammals are endothermicvertebrates with a 4 chambered heartand skin covered with fur or hair.
◊All mammals are endothermicvertebrates with a 4 chambered heartand skin covered with fur or hair.
Mammals
Mammals
◊All mammals have….
◊1. Hair or fur
◊2. Mammary glands (feed with milk)
◊3. Distinctive teeth
◊4. Highly developed brain
◊ 5. Extended care for the young
◊All mammals have….
◊1. Hair or fur
◊2. Mammary glands (feed with milk)
◊3. Distinctive teeth
◊4. Highly developed brain
◊ 5. Extended care for the young
Mammals
Mammals
◊Three groups of mammals
•Monotremes
•Marsupials
•Placental mammals
◊T
h
r
e
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
m
a
m
m
a
l
s
•M
o
n
o
t
r
e
m
e
s
•M
a
r
s
u
p
i
a
l
s
•P
l
a
c
e
n
t
a
l
m
a
m
m
a
l
s
Mammals
Mammals
◊Monotremes
•Mammals that lay eggs
•Two species:
◊Spiny anteaters
◊Duck-billed platypuses
◊Monotremes
•Mammals that lay eggs
•Two species:
◊Spiny anteaters
◊Duck-billed platypuses
Mammals
Mammals
◊Marsupials
•Young born alive at an early stage, butcontinue to develop in a pouch
•Examples:
◊Kangaroos
◊Koalas
◊Wallabies
◊opossums
◊Marsupials
•Young born alive at an early stage, butcontinue to develop in a pouch
•Examples:
◊Kangaroos
◊Koalas
◊Wallabies
◊opossums
Mammals
Mammals
◊Placental Mammals
•Develop inside a mother’s body until itsbody system can function independently.
•Examples:
◊Insect-eaters
◊Flying mammals
◊Primates
◊Rodents
◊Rabbits/hares
◊Marine mammals
◊Hoofed mammals
◊Placental Mammals
•Develop inside a mother’s body until itsbody system can function independently.
•Examples:
◊Insect-eaters
◊Flying mammals
◊Primates
◊Rodents
◊Rabbits/hares
◊Marine mammals
◊Hoofed mammals
