The Monroe Doctrine
Designed to prevent foreigninvolvement in weakenedSpanish western hemisphere
Written and negotiated byAdams
States that this hemisphere isoff-limits to foreignintrusions
Supported by Britain
(why?)
NewDemocracy,JQA,Jackson, &Van Buren
I can account for the democratization of Americanpolitics in the early 19th century.
I can explain the rising sectionalism in the early 19thcentury.
I can evaluate the presidency of Andrew Jackson.
The New Democracy
Effects of the “New Democracy”
New style of politician:
More focused on “people”
Less elite and less traditional
More policies that favor the South
and the West:
infrastructure
Indian removal
The Election of 1824
Candidates
John Quincy Adams
Henry Clay
Andrew Jackson
WilliamCrawford
Jackson wins the mostpopular votes (43% andelectoral votes (38%); Housewill decide the winner
The Election in the House ofRepresentatives of 1825
“The Corrupt Bargain”
Three days before the House vote, JQA and Claymeet; Clay then endorses Adams for president
Clay then becomes Secretary of State, “corruptbargain” alleged; Jackson vows to overturnpolitical system
The Adams Administration
Problems as president:Lacked political skills
Last of the aristocratic,elite presidents
Unproductive, constantlyopposed by Jackson’ssupporters in theCongress
Never accepted by manyAmericans as president
The Adams Administration
1828 Tariff (“Tariff of Abominations”): raisedtariff on many items bought by southerners
Opposed by VP John C.Calhoun of S. Carolina
The “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate
The “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate
Background of Jackson
War Hero
Creek Wars (1813 -1814)
Battle of New Orleans (1815)
Seminole Wars (1818 -1819)
Champion of “the People”
Congressman, Senator, and Governorof Tennessee
Self-Made Millionaire
The Election of 1828
Rematch betweenAdams and Jackson
One of the dirtiestelections in history
The “Coffin Handbill”: accusesJackson of committing murderduring the War of 1812; alsoaccuses him of murder during theacquisition of Florida
The Election of 1828
Accusations against RachelJackson of bigamy; true or not?
Jackson never forgives Clay orAdams for not stopping attacks onhis wife; her death impacts the wayhe governs as president
The Election of 1828
White House Inauguration,March, 1829
Jackson’s Faithin the “Common Man”Jackson’s Faithin the “Common Man”
Jackson’s Faithin the “Common Man”Jackson’s Faithin the “Common Man”
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Jackson as President
Governs with emotion; often letpassion get in the way ofreason
Loved by most, hated by many
Nationalist, opposed sectionalism
Expansive use of presidentialpower
Made the presidency the center ofgovernment
Political Innovations
•The use of the veto: use forother than “constitutional”reasons
•The spoils system: rotatinggovt. jobs among supporters
•The “Kitchen Cabinet”: groupof “advisors”, mostly wartimefriends and Tennessee cronies
Jackson’s Use ofFederal PowerJackson’s Use ofFederal Power
Jackson’s Use ofFederal PowerJackson’s Use ofFederal Power
VETOVETO
1830 Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]1830 Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]
The “Peggy Eaton Affair”The “Peggy Eaton Affair”
The “Peggy Eaton Affair”The “Peggy Eaton Affair”
Wife of Cabinet memberJohn Eaton; supposedscandalous past led togossip among wives ofother Cabinet members
Fallout From the “Peggy Eaton Affair”
Jackson demands apologies fromCabinet; all resign except Martin VanBuren
Calhoun resigns as VP,
returns as SC Senator
Eatons leave Washington
The Nullification Crisis of 1832
Causes:
The “Tariff ofAbominations”
Growing Sectionalismbetween North andSouth
Political conflictsbetween Jacksonand Calhoun
The Compromise Tariff of 1833
Possible military action againstSouth Carolina
Compromise tariff passed by HenryClay
Conflict avoided; impact upon 1832election
1832 Election
•Clay vs. Jackson
•Rise of third parties:
the Anti-Masonic Party
Innovations:
the platform
the convention method ofnominating candidates
William Wirt
1832 Election Results1832 Election Results
1832 Election Results1832 Election Results
Main Issues:
Tariff and
“KingAndrew”
An 1832CartoonAn 1832Cartoon
“KingAndrew”“KingAndrew”
An 1832CartoonAn 1832Cartoon
“KingAndrew”“KingAndrew”
