Life in the NorthernColoniesLife in the NorthernColonies
The New EnglandThe New England
and Middle Coloniesand Middle Colonies
New England Spreads Out
New England Spreads Out
New England Colonies, 1679
New England Colonies, 1679
The EconomyThe Economy
Several cash crops per farm (NJ, PA, NY)Several cash crops per farm (NJ, PA, NY)
Wheat, corn, cattle, hogsWheat, corn, cattle, hogs
Surplus food went to West IndiesSurplus food went to West Indies
Commercial Industries (All colonies)Commercial Industries (All colonies)
Wheat grindingWheat grinding
Harvesting FishHarvesting Fish
Sawing LumberSawing Lumber
Ship ManufacturingShip Manufacturing
Many MerchantsMany Merchants
Urban Life StyleUrban Life Style
Trade caused Port Cities toGrowTrade caused Port Cities toGrow
Ie. NY, Boston, PhiladelphiaIe. NY, Boston, Philadelphia
Sophistication: paved streets,police patrols, whale-oiledlamps on sidewalksSophistication: paved streets,police patrols, whale-oiledlamps on sidewalks
Overcrowding did causeproblemsOvercrowding did causeproblems
Firewood/clean water scarceFirewood/clean water scarce
Disease/fire spread rapidlyDisease/fire spread rapidly
PovertyPoverty
Diversity of the NorthDiversity of the North
Pre-1700 – immigrants were indenturedservants from EnglandPre-1700 – immigrants were indenturedservants from England
18th century – 585,000 immigrants18th century – 585,000 immigrants
1/3 from other countries1/3 from other countries
Scotts, English, Dutch, Germans, IrishScotts, English, Dutch, Germans, Irish
Variety of ReligionsVariety of Religions
Reasons for coming:Reasons for coming:
Escape economic devastationEscape economic devastation
Religious freedomReligious freedom
Problems with Englishand “The Others”Problems with Englishand “The Others”
Different groups did not always get alongDifferent groups did not always get along
Why should the [Germans] be suffered to swarminto our Settlements, and by herding togetherestablish their Language and Manners to theExclusion of ours? Why should Pennsylvania,founded by the English, become a Colony ofAliens, who will shortly be so numerous as toGermanize us instead of Anglifying them?Why should the [Germans] be suffered to swarminto our Settlements, and by herding togetherestablish their Language and Manners to theExclusion of ours? Why should Pennsylvania,founded by the English, become a Colony ofAliens, who will shortly be so numerous as toGermanize us instead of Anglifying them?
Suspicion of each other occurred on both ends.Suspicion of each other occurred on both ends.
Slavery in the NorthSlavery in the North
No need for as many slaves – why?No need for as many slaves – why?
Less labor in wheat than tobacco/riceLess labor in wheat than tobacco/rice
Considered property, but had more legalstandingConsidered property, but had more legalstanding
Could sue, right to appeal in court, could testifyagainst whites in cases not involving Africans.Could sue, right to appeal in court, could testifyagainst whites in cases not involving Africans.
Hard lives, considered less human, no gathering,no weapons, no protection from cruelty.Hard lives, considered less human, no gathering,no weapons, no protection from cruelty.
Life in the NorthLife in the North
Family Stability – grandparents too!Family Stability – grandparents too!
Population grew initially from reproductionPopulation grew initially from reproduction
Booming birthrateBooming birthrate
Avg. life expectancy was 70Avg. life expectancy was 70
Patriarchy
Patriarchy
Authoritarian male father figurescontrolled each household.
Patriarchal ministers and magistratescontrolled church congregations andhousehold patriarchs.
Women in the NorthWomen in the North
Extensive Work ResponsibilitiesExtensive Work Responsibilities
Weaving clothes, sewing, gardening, tending livestock, baking,make candlesWeaving clothes, sewing, gardening, tending livestock, baking,make candles
Few Legal RightsFew Legal Rights
No voteNo vote
No entering into contractsNo entering into contracts
No buying/selling propertyNo buying/selling property
No keeping wagesNo keeping wages
Only single women could run businessOnly single women could run business
Religion was used to keep women subordinate tohusbands and men.Religion was used to keep women subordinate tohusbands and men.
Salem Witch TrialsSalem Witch Trials
Cause:Cause:
limitations on womenlimitations on women
tensions from uneven economic growthtensions from uneven economic growth
strained relations with Nativesstrained relations with Natives
misdirected religious zeal. misdirected religious zeal.
Constant occupation with violence anddeath b/c feared Native attacksConstant occupation with violence anddeath b/c feared Native attacks
The Beginningof the Salem Witch TrialsThe Beginningof the Salem Witch Trials
Girls accused Tituba, African slave, ofpractice witchcraftGirls accused Tituba, African slave, ofpractice witchcraft
Received attention for this, so accusedothers as wellReceived attention for this, so accusedothers as well
Those accused tried to save themselvesby accusing others as witchesThose accused tried to save themselvesby accusing others as witches
Patterns of those AccusedPatterns of those Accused
1.Economic1.Economic
Salem undergone economic growth leftsome very wealthy and some poorSalem undergone economic growth leftsome very wealthy and some poor
Poor accused the wealthier areaPoor accused the wealthier area
2.Women2.Women
Women who were too independentWomen who were too independent
Violated puritan standards of behaviorViolated puritan standards of behavior
ResultResult
Ended when girls accused the governor’s wifeEnded when girls accused the governor’s wife
Courts realized evidence was falseCourts realized evidence was false
The Accused:The Accused:
19 people hanged19 people hanged
1 person crushed to death1 person crushed to death
4 “witches” died in jail4 “witches” died in jail
150 others spent time in jail.150 others spent time in jail.