Chair of Municipal hygiene and occupationalhealth.Chair of Municipal hygiene and occupationalhealth.
Lecture on municipal hygiene forLecture on municipal hygiene for
5 courses5 courses
Role and value of a street networkRole and value of a street network
in city planning.in city planning.
TRANSPORT AND STREET ROADNETWORK
At design of city and rural settlementsit is necessary to provide uniformsystem of transport and a street roadnetwork in coordination withplanirovochny structure of thesettlement and the territory adjoining toit.
TRANSPORT AND STREETROAD NETWORK
Time expenses in the cities on movement from the places of residence towork places for 90 % of workers (one way) should not exceed, mines, forthe cities with the population, one thousand people:
2000 .......................45
1000 .......................40
500 .......................37
250 ……...................35
100 и менее ..........30
TRANSPORT AND STREETROAD NETWORKTRANSPORT AND STREETROAD NETWORK
For the cities with populationover 2 million people the mostadmissible expenses of timeshould be determined by specialjustifications with the account:
actual moving,
placements of places of theappendix of work
level of development oftransport systems.
TRANSPORT AND STREETROAD NETWORK
It is necessary to definecapacity of a network ofstreets, roads and transportcrossings, number ofplaces of storage of carsproceeding fromautomobilization level.
EXTERNAL TRANSPORT
Passenger stations (a railway,motor, water transport and airterminals) should be placed,providing transportcommunications with the citycentre, between stations, withresidential and industrial regions.
EXTERNAL TRANSPORT
•The housing estate is necessary forseparating from the railways a sanitary andprotective zone the in width of 100 m,considering from an axis of an extremerailway way.
•At placement of the railways in dredging or atimplementation of the special shumozashchit-nyevents providing requirements Construction Normsand Regulations, the width of a sanitary andprotective zone can be reduced, but no more than on50 m.
Distances from stations to a housing estateare accepted on the basis of calculationtaking into account size:
goods turnover,
transported cargoes,
admissible noise levels and vibration.
EXTERNAL TRANSPORT
In a sanitary and protective zone, out of a strip ofbranch of the railway, it is allowed to place
highways
garages
parking of cars
Warehouses
establishments of household appointment.
Not less than 50 % of the area of a sanitary andprotective zone should be planted trees andshrubs.
EXTERNAL TRANSPORT
Airfields it is necessary to placeaccording to requirementsConstruction Norms andRegulations at distance from theselitebny territory and zones ofmass rest of the population,providing safety of flights andadmissible levels of aviation noise.
NETWORK. STREETS ANDROADS
The street road network of settlements should be projectedin the form of continuous system with the account:
functional purpose of streets and roads;
intensity of transport, bicycle and foot movement;
architectural планировочной territory organisations;
nature of building.
NETWORK. STREETS ANDROADS
Distance from the region of themain carriageway of the mainroads to the line of regulation ofa housing estate it is necessaryto accept not less than 50 m,
Under condition ofapplication the devicesproviding requirementsConstruction Norms andRegulations, not less than 25m.
NETWORK. STREETS ANDROADS
Basic purpose of roads and streets
High-speed transport communication between remoteindustrial and planirovochny regions in the largest andlarge cities;
Exits to external highways, to the airports, large zones ofmass rest and settlements in moving system.
Transport communication between districts of the city onthe separate directions and sites of mainly cargomovement which is carried out out of a housing estate.
Width of streets and roadsWidth of streets and roads
Is defined by calculation depending on intensity of a traffic and pedestrians, structure ofelements placed within a cross-section profile, taking into account sanitary-and-hygienicrequirements and requirements of civil defence. As a rule, the width of streets and roads inred lines is accepted, m:
main roads — 50—75;
main streets - 40—80;
streets and local roads — 15—25.
The width of a technical strip, and also dividing strips is established accordingto requirements Construction Norms and Regulations on transportconstructions.
Width of streets and roads
For movement of buses andtrolleybuses on the main streetsand roads in the big, large andlargest cities it is necessary toprovide an extreme strip in widthof 4 m;
The width of a foot part ofsidewalks and paths do not join theareas necessary for placement ofbooths, benches, etc.
Width of streets and roadsWidth of streets and roads
In the conditions ofreconstruction on streetsof local value, and also atsettlement foot movementless than 50 persons/h inboth directions are allowedthe device of sidewalksand paths in width of 1 m.
Width of streets and roadsWidth of streets and roads
It is allowed to provide stage-by-stage achievement of settlementparametres of the main streetsand roads, transport crossingstaking into account the concretesizes of a traffic and pedestriansat obligatory reservation of theterritory and underground spacefor perspective construction.
NETWORK OF PUBLIC PASSENGERTRANSPORT AND FOOT MOVEMENTNETWORK OF PUBLIC PASSENGERTRANSPORT AND FOOT MOVEMENT
•It is necessary tochoose a type of publicpassenger transport onthe basis of settlementpassenger traffics andranges of trips ofpassengers.
Provozny ability ofdifferent types oftransport, parametres ofdevices and constructions(platforms, airfields) aredefined at norm of filling ofa rolling stock.
I THANK FOR ATTENTION!