Splash Screen
Section 2
•Later explorers looking for a passage toChina and India:
–Juan Ponce de León—the first Europeanto discover Florida
–Vasco de Balboa—the first European toreach the Pacific coast of America
–Ferdinand Magellan—discovered the straitlater named for him; his crew was the firstto circumnavigate the globe.
Exploring America (cont.)
Section 2
New Spain
After defeating the Aztec Empire, theSpanish established the colony ofNew Spain.
Section 2
•In 1521, Hernán Cortés, with the help of theTlaxcalan, defeated the Aztec city ofTenochtitlan.
•Cortés then sent several expeditions toconquer the rest of Central America. Themen who led these expeditions were knownas conquistadors.
New Spain (cont.)
Section 2
•New Spanish explorations:
New Spain (cont.)
–1532—Francisco Pizarro conquered theInca empire.
–1540—Francisco Vásquez de Coronadoexplored the region between the ColoradoRiver and the Great Plains.
–Hernando De Soto explored parts ofNorth Carolina, Tennessee,Alabama, Arkansas, and Texas.
Section 2
•1598—Juan de Oñate pushed north of theRio Grande, into the present-day state ofNew Mexico.
•The Catholic Church became the primaryforce for colonizing the Southwest but wasmet with much resistance.
New Spain (cont.)
Section 2
•New Spain had a highly structured societybased on birth, income, and education. Rankfrom highest to lowest:
–peninsulares
–criollos
–mestizos
New Spain (cont.)
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
Section 2
Cortés rewarded his men by giving themwhich of the following?
A.Gold and silver
B.Control over towns inthe Aztec empire
C.The chance to sail backto Spain
D.New weapons and horses
Section 2
New France
France claimed a vast territory in NorthAmerica, but its colony had a smallFrench population.
Section 2
•French explorers included:
–Giovanni da Verrazano—tried to find anorthern route through North America tothe Pacific Ocean
–Jacques Cartier—explored and mappedthe St. Lawrence River
–Samuel de Champlain—foundedQuebec, which became the capital of thecolony of New France
New France (cont.)
Section 2
–Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette—found the Mississippi River
–René-Robert Cavalier de La Salle—followed the Mississippi to the Gulf ofMexico and claimed Louisiana
•French explorers included:
New France (cont.)
Section 2
•The Spanish were threatened by the French,so they built St. Augustine (in present-dayFlorida) and San Francisco de los Tejas (inpresent-day Texas) to defend their territory.
New France (cont.)
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
Section 2
Why was exploration of the lowerMississippi difficult for the French?
A.Spanish settlers wouldambush the French.
B.Heat and mosquitoes
C.Indians would ambushthe French.
D.The river was too difficultto navigate.
Section 2-End
Vocab10
circumnavigate
to sail around
Vocab11
conquistador
Spanish for conqueror; the men wholed the expeditions to conquer theAmericas
Vocab12
encomienda
system of rewarding conquistadorstracts of land, including the right to taxand exact labor from NativeAmericans