Earth History GEOL 2110

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Earth HistoryGEOL 2110Earth HistoryGEOL 2110

The Paleozoic EraThe Paleozoic Era

Carboniferous and the Permian PeriodsCarboniferous and the Permian Periods

in North Americain North America

Major Concepts

•Carbonate deposition dominant in the Silurian andDevonian, persisted into the early Carboniferous (theMississippian period).

•After a major regression and subsequent transgressionmarking the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian break in NorthAmerica, the Absaroka sequence was dominated byclastic sediments and great accumulations of land-basedorganic material creating coal seams.

•This change in sedimentation, which persisted into thePermian, was triggered by creation of the final orogenicevent of the Appalachian mobile belt caused by thecollision of southeastern North America with Africa andSouth America and the creation of the largest continentalland mass ever on Earth - Pangea

Events of the Late Paleozoic Era

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Mississippian DepositsMore Limestone

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Madison LS, MT

Redwall LS, AZ

Pahasapa LS, SD

Chockful

O’ Crinoids

Late Mississippian Regression

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Immature clastic sediment appear inEastern NA deposits

Sourced from deeper erosion ofrejuvenated Caledonian and Acadian Mts

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More Unconformities developed on warped craton highsMore Unconformities developed on warped craton highs

Pennsylvanian DepositsClastic Sedimentation Dominates (+Coal)

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Pennsylvanian DepositsCyclothems – Trangressive Cycles

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TRANSGRESSION

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Sandstone -Delta / Barrier IslandSandstone -Delta / Barrier Island

Shale – Lagoon / FloodplainShale – Lagoon / Floodplain

Organic ShaleOrganic Shale

CoalCoal

Limestone - MarineLimestone - Marine

Illinois Basin CyclothemIllinois Basin Cyclothem

Forested Marsh/SwampForested Marsh/Swamp

SeaSea

Regression Regression

LandLand

TrangressionTrangression

SeaSea

TrangressionTrangression

Pennsylvanian DepositsCyclothems – Trangressive Cycles

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Land Transgression

Sea Transgression

Pennsylvanian DepositsOver 100 Cycles in 100 million years!

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Cause of Cycles

-Rapid sea level changes due toGondwanaland glaciation

- Spasmodic tectonic up-down oscillations

-Cyclic climate change affecting erosion andsedimentation

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Pennsylvanian Coal DepositsSubtropical Rain Forests

http://imgc.allpostersimages.com/images/P-473-488-90/38/3816/WCBYF00Z/posters/ken-lucas-anthracite-coal-in-a-coal-seam-pennsylvania-usa.jpg

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http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ5hgTmEvBqpXEc2_8tKJCIrw0YcpKGQTKD2gdeH2BQvQMPsr7H

Peat

Anthracite

Everglades

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BituminousCoal

AnthraciteCoal

Permian DepositsCraton Tilts West / Seas Retreat / Climate Dries

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Barrier Reefs in the Southwest

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Ancestral Rocky MountainPennsylvanian-Permian Uplift

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Late Paleozoic Strata of the Grand Canyon

http://photo.agiweb.org/utils/showimage.php?ID=idcgp7&SIZE=512

Kls

Css

HSh

Sgp

Late Paleozoic Strata of the Sedona Area

http://photo.agiweb.org/utils/showimage.php?ID=idcgq5&SIZE=512

Permian Climate DriesIn the Rain Shadow of the Appalachians

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The AppalachianOrogenyCreating Pangea ~250 Ma

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http://www2.brevard.edu/reynoljh/onlinegeology/tectonics/assets/Permianpangaea.jpg

Continent-Continent CollisionMonster Thrust Faulting

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~260 Km Displacement

1950’s Interpretation

1980

Google Earth Tour of the Appalachians

Summary of Paleozoic Tectonics

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North American Paleozoic Orogenies

Acadian/Caledonian

Appalachian/Hercynian

Taconian

GondwanalandGondwanaland

Next Lecture

The Paleozoic EraThe Paleozoic Era

Geological History of Gondwanaland andLate Paleozoic LifeGeological History of Gondwanaland andLate Paleozoic Life

Mid-term on Friday!!Mid-term on Friday!!

Chapters 8-13Chapters 8-13