Energy Emergency Response in Chinese Taipei
CHINESE TAIPEI
19-20 October 2011
EWG42
Kaohsiung, Chinese Taipei
經濟部能源局
Bureau of Energy
1
I.Overview of Chinese Taipei’s Energy Supplyand Policies
II.Legal Framework and Implementation ofStockpiling and Emergency Response Systemin Chinese Taipei
III.Conclusion
I.Overview of Chinese Taipei’s Energy Supplyand Policies
II.Legal Framework and Implementation ofStockpiling and Emergency Response Systemin Chinese Taipei
III.Conclusion
Contents
經濟部能源局
Bureau of Energy
2
I. Overview of Chinese Taipei’sI. Overview of Chinese Taipei’s
Energy Supply and PoliciesEnergy Supply and Policies
經濟部能源局
Bureau of Energy
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Owing to the shortage of indigenous energy resources, 99.4% of total energysupply is imported.
High Dependence on Imported EnergyHigh Dependence on Imported Energy
Indigenous Energy Supply (2010)
0.88 Million KLOE
Total Primary Energy Supply (2010)
146.0 Million KLOE
Energy Supply in Chinese Taipei
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Bureau of Energy
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Fossil fuels accounted for 90.9%(1)Fossil fuels accounted for 90.9% of Chinese Taipei’stotal energy supply.
(2)Chinese Taipei’s dependence on fossil energy is higherthan neighboring countries.
High Dependence on Fossil EnergyHigh Dependence on Fossil Energy
Energy Supply in Chinese Taipei
(3)Electricity from high carbon, coal-fired power plantsaccounts for 53.4% of electricity supply.
(4)In light of the above facts, Chinese Taipei aims todevelop low carbon energy to reduce its dependence onfossil fuel.
經濟部能源局
Bureau of Energy
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Chinese Taipei’s oil import
340Mbbl/yr in total in2010340Mbbl/yr in total in2010
Heavy dependence on Oilimport from MEHeavy dependence on Oilimport from ME
340Mbbl/yr in total in2010340Mbbl/yr in total in2010
Heavy dependence on Oilimport from MEHeavy dependence on Oilimport from ME
奈及利亞
Nigeria
95萬桶
0.28%
Others
32 Mbbl
9.35%
1
1
Saudi Arabia
117 Mbbl
34.14%
2
2
Kuwait
69 Mbbl
20.2%
3
3
Iraq
33 Mbbl
9.82%
4
4
Iran
27 Mbbl
7.83%
Angola
19 Mbbl
5.54%
5
5
6
6
Oman
17 Mbbl
5.04%
7
7
United Arab Emirates
15 Mbbl
4.62%
8
8
Congo
9 Mbbl
2.72%
Nigeria
0.9 Mbbl
0.28%
10
10
9
9
Indonesia
1.7 Mbbl
0.5%
經濟部能源局
Bureau of Energy
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Chinese Taipei’s gas import
Nigeria, 7.6%
Equatorial Guinea,2.2%
Qatar, 23.8%
Omen, 3.5%
Malaysia, 25.6%
Indonesia
17.9%
Others, 11.9%
Australia, 7.5%
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Bureau of Energy
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Chinese Taipei’s Coal import
Tanjung Bara
Samarinda
Los Angeles
Long Beach
6117浬
(20~22天)
Abbot Point (3267浬、10~12天）
Darlymple Bay (3365浬、10~12天）
Gladstone (3567浬、11~13 天)
Newcastle (4223浬、12~15天）
Port Kembla (4318浬、12~15天）
(1569浬、 5天）
Richards Bay (6402浬、20~23天）
(1659浬、 5天）
China
6.2%
South Africa
4.1%
U.S
0.4%
Canada
1.2%
Australia
45.4%
秦皇島
1135浬
(4天)
Indonesia
37.4%
100% of coal is imported
63.1Mt/yr in 2010
Mainly supplied by Australiaand Indonesia
Russia
1.8%
經濟部能源局
Bureau of Energy
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Chinese Taipei’s Energy Policy
Policy Objective
Improve energy efficiencyby at least 2% annually
Reduce energy intensity by20% by 2015 (with 2005as base year)
Reduce energy intensity byat least 50% by 2025 viatechnical breakthrough
To establish a secureenergy supply systemto support the needs ofeconomic development
Enhancing energy efficiency
Developing clean energy
Securing stable energy supply
Reduce CO2 emission tothe level of 2005 by 2020,and further reduce CO2emission to the level of2000 by 2025
Increase the share of lowcarbon energy in powergeneration to at least 55%by 2025.
Stability
Efficiency
Cleanness
Multi-layered policy measures are required.
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Bureau of Energy
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Policy Measures for Energy Stability
Stable supply of energy resources
1.To diversify procurements to reduce concentration of energy supply
2.To increase ownership of resources to enhance energy independency
3. To expand supply sources via international cooperation
Sound energy supply facilities
1. Sufficient production facilities
2. Regular maintenance of energy facilities
3. Strengthening energy transmission and storage facilities
4. Ensure energy transit security
Integrated risk management mechanism
1. Regulatory regime and special task forces
2. Emergency response mechanism
The development of renewable energy and energy technology
1. The development of renewable of high independency
2. The development of low-carbon energy technology
Importantshort-termmeasures
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Bureau of Energy
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Ⅱ. Legal Framework and ImplementationⅡ. Legal Framework and Implementation
of Stockpiling and Emergency Responseof Stockpiling and Emergency Response
System in Chinese TaipeiSystem in Chinese Taipei
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Bureau of Energy
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Chinese Taipei’s oil stockpiling
Petroleum Management Act
By the consumption level of 44 Mbbl per day, Chinese Taipei haskept 128 days of oil stocks in total as of Feb 2011.(government:38 days; private sector:90days)By the consumption level of 44 Mbbl per day, Chinese Taipei haskept 128 days of oil stocks in total as of Feb 2011.(government:38 days; private sector:90days)
Government and private sector are required to maintain oilstock equal to at least 30 days and 60days of domestic demandrespectively. (in line with IEA 90-day obligation)Government and private sector are required to maintain oilstock equal to at least 30 days and 60days of domestic demandrespectively. (in line with IEA 90-day obligation)
LPG stock should be maintained to a level of no less than 25days of domestic demand.LPG stock should be maintained to a level of no less than 25days of domestic demand.
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Bureau of Energy
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Regulation on Oil Disposal during Emergency
Oil emergency response
In the face of oil disruption or dramatic oil pricefluctuation which may pose threats to the stability of oilsupply and national security, the Ministry of EconomicAffairs are empowered to‧implement restrictions on oil import, export andholdings‧implement restrictions on oil distribution and selling‧set up the maximum of oil prices‧adjust the quantity, appropriate and make specific useof oil stocksIn the face of oil disruption or dramatic oil pricefluctuation which may pose threats to the stability of oilsupply and national security, the Ministry of EconomicAffairs are empowered to‧implement restrictions on oil import, export andholdings‧implement restrictions on oil distribution and selling‧set up the maximum of oil prices‧adjust the quantity, appropriate and make specific useof oil stocks
經濟部能源局
Bureau of Energy
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Chinese Taipei’s gas stockpiling
Natural gas enterprises are required to maintain certain stockcapacity:Natural gas enterprises are required to maintain certain stockcapacity:
—natural gas production enterprises: half day—natural gas production enterprises: half day
—natural gas import enterprises: 15 days—natural gas import enterprises: 15 days
—natural gas enterprises that runs both production and import:15days—natural gas enterprises that runs both production and import:15days
Natural Gas Enterprise Law
Taichung LNG station
YongAn LNG station
Total gas stocks are equivalent to 15.7 days of domestic demands
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Bureau of Energy
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Gas emergency response
Regulation on LNG supply and price control
•In the face of gas disruption or dramatic gas price fluctuationwhich may pose threats to the stability of gas supply and nationalsecurity, the Ministry of Economic Affairs are empowered tocontrol natural gas supply and prices.‧reduce gas supply to users of different sectors by order of priority:— power utilities (reduction by 10%)— cogeneration users (reduction by 5%)— industrial users (reduction by 5%)— transportation users (reduction by 10%)— public LNG enterprises (reduction by 10%)•In the face of gas disruption or dramatic gas price fluctuationwhich may pose threats to the stability of gas supply and nationalsecurity, the Ministry of Economic Affairs are empowered tocontrol natural gas supply and prices.‧reduce gas supply to users of different sectors by order of priority:— power utilities (reduction by 10%)— cogeneration users (reduction by 5%)— industrial users (reduction by 5%)— transportation users (reduction by 10%)— public LNG enterprises (reduction by 10%)
To minimize theimpact on generalusers
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Bureau of Energy
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Regulation on LNG supply and price control (cont.)
Gas emergency response
In case of:1. A monthly average price increase of imported natural gasexceeding more than 50%2. A cumulative average price increase over three consecutivemonths of imported natural gas exceeding more than 50%The Ministry of Economic Affairs may command LNG importenterprises to temporarily suspend price adjustment or topartially adjust natural gas prices.In case of:1. A monthly average price increase of imported natural gasexceeding more than 50%2. A cumulative average price increase over three consecutivemonths of imported natural gas exceeding more than 50%The Ministry of Economic Affairs may command LNG importenterprises to temporarily suspend price adjustment or topartially adjust natural gas prices.
經濟部能源局
Bureau of Energy
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Chinese Taipei’s coal stockpiling
Energy Management Act
Coal-fired power plants are required to maintain coal stocks of noless than 30 days by the average coal demand of the previous year.Coal-fired power plants are required to maintain coal stocks of noless than 30 days by the average coal demand of the previous year.
Legalized coal stocks
Stocks set by power plants
Chinese Taipei
30 days
30~45 days
Currently Chinese Taipei’s coal stocks are equal to 43 days ofCurrently Chinese Taipei’s coal stocks are equal to 43 days of
domestic demand.domestic demand.
經濟部能源局
Bureau of Energy
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Measures for coal and electricity emergency response
Restriction on the power use during power failure
•In the face of insufficient power supply, power utilities mayinitiate power rationing upon approval of the Ministry ofEconomic Affairs.•In the face of insufficient power supply, power utilities mayinitiate power rationing upon approval of the Ministry ofEconomic Affairs.
• Power rationing is mainly applied to industrial users. Usersfrom national defense sector, transportation sector or otherimportant sectors may not be subject to the restriction above.• Power rationing is mainly applied to industrial users. Usersfrom national defense sector, transportation sector or otherimportant sectors may not be subject to the restriction above.
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Bureau of Energy
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Ⅲ. ConclusionⅢ. Conclusion
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Bureau of Energy
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Follow the IEA 90-day obligation and surpass the targetpractically to ensure sufficient supply during emergency
Legal framework and obligation are needed and proved to behelpful since Chinese Taipei is heavily dependant on importedenergy
Should develop diversified mixture of energy sources andincrease the uptake of indigenous renewable energy to ensureenergy security
Working on establishing an indexed warning system of energysecurity risk for the sake of more effective, efficient and dynamicresponses to energy emergency and energy security
Willing to cooperate on energy emergency response withinternational mechanisms
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Bureau of Energy
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Your comments are welcome!