Muscular System

Muscular SystemObjective 1.04Muscular SystemObjective 1.04

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

The Muscular SystemThe Muscular System

•Comprises nearly half our weight.

•Over 650 muscles.

•Each muscle is made up of hundreds orthousands of muscle fibers.

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

The Muscular System:Muscle FibersThe Muscular System:Muscle Fibers

•Bundles of threadlike structures called myofibrils

–Composed of:

•Myosin

•Actin

–Form overlapping pattern called sarcomere

muscle muscle fiber

sarcolemma sarcomere

functional unit of muscle movement

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

Structures of the muscular systemStructures of the muscular system

MusclesMuscles

Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac

Sphincter

Connective tissueConnective tissue

Tendons

Fascia

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

Structures of the muscular systemStructures of the muscular system

Types of Muscle Types of Muscle

Skeletal musclesSkeletal muscles

Attached to boneAttached to bone

Striated (striped) appearanceStriated (striped) appearance

VoluntaryVoluntary

Multinucleated muscle cell bundlesMultinucleated muscle cell bundles

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

Structures of the muscular systemStructures of the muscular system

Types of MuscleTypes of Muscle

Smooth musclesSmooth muscles

Also known as visceral muscles

Involuntary

Located in walls of digestivesystem, uterus & blood vessels

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

Structures of the muscular systemStructures of the muscular system

Types of MuscleTypes of Muscle

Cardiac muscleCardiac muscle

Found only in the heart

Striated, branched

Involuntary

Cells are fused- when onecontracts, they all contract,creating the heartbeat

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

Structures of the muscular systemStructures of the muscular system

Types of MuscleTypes of Muscle

Sphincter musclesSphincter muscles

Also called dilator musclesAlso called dilator muscles

Special, circular musclesSpecial, circular muscles

Located in theLocated in the

digestive systemdigestive system

urinary systemurinary system

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

Structures of the muscular systemStructures of the muscular system

Types of MuscleTypes of Muscle

Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac

Sphincter

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

Structures of the muscular systemStructures of the muscular system

Connective tissueConnective tissue

Tendons

dense bands that connect skeletal muscleto the bone

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

Structures of the muscular systemStructures of the muscular system

Connective tissueConnective tissue

FasciaFascia

Fibrous connectivetissue sheets thatwrap around musclebundles

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

How do skeletal muscles gettheir names?How do skeletal muscles gettheir names?

•Location

•Size

•Direction

•Number of origins

•Location of origin andinsertion

•Action flexor

•Extensor

•Depressor

•However, not all muscles are named by•However, not all muscles are named by

the above methods! the above methods!

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

Head & Neck Muscles Head & Neck Muscles

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

Torso/TrunkTorso/Trunk(anterior)

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

Torso/TrunkTorso/Trunk(anterior)

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

Torso/TrunkTorso/Trunk(posterior)

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

Upper extremitiesUpper extremities

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

Lower extremitiesLower extremities

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

The muscular system reviewAnterior viewThe muscular system reviewAnterior view

1.04 Remember the structures ofthe muscular system

The muscular system reviewPosterior viewThe muscular system reviewPosterior view

Characteristics of MusclesCharacteristics of Muscles

ContractibilityContractibility

ExcitabilityExcitability

ExtensibilityExtensibility

ElasticityElasticity

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

Characteristics of MusclesCharacteristics of Muscles

Contractibility

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

Characteristics of MusclesCharacteristics of Muscles

Contractibility

Myoneural stimulation

contraction of muscle proteins

movement and heat

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

Characteristics of MusclesCharacteristics of Muscles

Excitability

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

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Characteristics of MusclesCharacteristics of Muscles

Extensibility

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

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Characteristics of MusclesCharacteristics of Muscles

Elasticity

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

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Characteristics of MusclesCharacteristics of Muscles

Contractibility

Excitability

Extensibility

Elasticity

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

Characteristics of MusclesCharacteristics of Muscles

Contractibility

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

Characteristics of MusclesCharacteristics of Muscles

Contractibility

Myoneural stimulation

contraction of muscle proteins

movement and heat (side effect)

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

Characteristics of MusclesCharacteristics of Muscles

The sodium-potassiumpump of the membrane ofa muscle cell.

The purpose of this slide is toillustrate the complexity of theprocess of movement.

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

ContractibilityContractibility

Neurotransmitter at site ofmuscle stimulus.

Muscle ToneMuscle Tone

Discuss muscle tone.

•Atrophy:

a- ________ -trophy _nourishment / development___

•Hypertrophy:

hyper- _______ -trophy _nourishment / development__

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

Muscle ToneMuscle Tone

John just got a cast offhis leg. His calf muscleon the affected leg is 1”smaller in diameter thanhis other calf muscle.

•What happened?

•How do you explainthis to him?

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

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Muscle FatigueMuscle Fatigue

Discuss muscle fatigue:

–What causes muscle fatigue?

–How does the body correct muscle fatigue?

–Is muscle fatigue dangerous? Why / why not?

–Discuss aerobic and anaerobic exercise.

•Give examples of each.

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

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Functions of theMuscular SystemFunctions of theMuscular System

What are thefunctions of themuscular system?

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

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Movement:Skeletal MuscleMovement:Skeletal Muscle

•Receptors in muscles provide the brain withinformation about body position and movement.

•The brain controls the contraction of skeletalmuscle.

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

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MovementMovement

As your muscle contracts,one of the bones willmove with the other willremain stationary.

Point of origin (end of themuscle that is attachedto the stationary bone)

Point of insertion (end ofmuscle that is attachedto the moving bone)

Prime mover or agonist

Antagonist – musclesthat cause movement inthe opposite direction

Synergists – assistprimary mover

All movement is a result ofcontraction of primary moversand relaxation of opposingmuscles.

Movement:Digestive SystemMovement:Digestive System

The nervous system regulates the speed at whichfood moves through the digestive tract.

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

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Movement:Circulatory SystemHeartbeatMovement:Circulatory SystemHeartbeat

The nervous system and hormones regulate thespeed at which the heart beats.

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

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PosturePosture

•How does the muscular system effectposture?

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

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Body HeatBody Heat

What is the body’s response to cold? Why?

How is this response helpful?

How does the body respond to exercise? Why?

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

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FibromyalgiaFibromyalgia

Discuss the pictures and how they relate tofibromyalgia.

Cause - unknown

Symptoms – chronic pain, fatigue, depression

Diagnosis – location of pain

Treatment – symptom mgt

Prognosis – good…management

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

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HerniaHernia

Weakness in the muscles of theabdominal wall that allows loops ofintestine to balloon outward

Causes – muscle weakness, excessiveinternal pressure

Locations – groin, abd

Symptoms – protrusion, pain

Diagnosis – palpation, mri

Treatment - surgery

Prevention – abd exercises

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Muscle Spasms(Involuntary hypertonicity)Muscle Spasms(Involuntary hypertonicity)

Symptoms – severe pain

Diagnosis – hx, physical exam

Treatment – rest, stretching, exercise

Prognosis - good

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

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Muscular DystrophyMuscular Dystrophy

Cause – genetic defect…progressive weaknessand degeneration of skeletal muscle

Symptoms – muscle weakness, drooling, falling,eyelid drooping (ptosis)

Diagnosis – physical exam, genetic test

Treatment – no treatment to stop or reverseMD…treat symptoms

Prognosis - variable

Myasthenia GravisMyasthenia Gravis

Cause - Autoimmune attack at neuromuscularjunction…affects voluntary muscles…problemwith how nerves stimulate muscles to contract

Symptoms – progressive, fluctuating muscleweakness and fatigue

Diagnosis – blood tests, EMG

Treatment – steroids, immunosuppressantdrugs

Prognosis – with treatment may lead a normal,active life…remission possible

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

StrainStrain

•Overstretching of the tendons or the musclesthemselves (“pulled muscle”).

•Treatment = RICE

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

TendonitisTendonitis

• Usually from chronic injury, overuse

•Pain and inflammation are common

•Treatment = (P)RICE

1.05 Understand the functions anddisorders of the muscular system

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Tetanus (Lockjaw)Tetanus (Lockjaw)

Caused from a bacterial infection of clostridiumtetani usually after puncture wound.

Symptoms include progressive muscle spasms,paralysis, stiffness and pain especially in jaw.

Diagnosis - physical exam, lab tests, history ofwound

Treatment – wound hygiene, tetanus vaccine,pain management

Prognosis – without treatment 1 in 4 die…withtreatment less than 10% infected die