Internet BusinessFoundationsInternet BusinessFoundations
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Lesson 8: IT ProjectManagementLesson 8: IT ProjectManagement
ObjectivesObjectives
Identify project management fundamentalsIdentify project management fundamentals
Identify project management skillsIdentify project management skills
Identify the five project management phasesIdentify the five project management phases
Define the project triangleDefine the project triangle
Identify the value of project management softwareIdentify the value of project management software
Create a project scheduleCreate a project schedule
Identify the value of documenting projectsIdentify the value of documenting projects
Identify the value of planning and schedulingmeetingsIdentify the value of planning and schedulingmeetings
Identify the value of reviewing projectsIdentify the value of reviewing projects
Identify quality assurance techniquesIdentify quality assurance techniques
Identify the business implications of IT decisionsIdentify the business implications of IT decisions
Identify project management certifications andresourcesIdentify project management certifications andresources
Project ManagementFundamentalsProject ManagementFundamentals
Project management – applying knowledge,skills and processes to specific activities inorder to meet deadlines and achieve adesired resultProject management – applying knowledge,skills and processes to specific activities inorder to meet deadlines and achieve adesired result
Project – a sequence of tasks that must beaccomplished within a certain time frame toachieve a desired resultProject – a sequence of tasks that must beaccomplished within a certain time frame toachieve a desired result
Task – a unit of work during a projectTask – a unit of work during a project
Resource – a person, department or deviceneeded to accomplish a taskResource – a person, department or deviceneeded to accomplish a task
Assignment – the appointment of a specificresource to a specific taskAssignment – the appointment of a specificresource to a specific task
Scope and Scope CreepScope and Scope Creep
Scope – the goals and tasks of a project and thework required to complete themScope – the goals and tasks of a project and thework required to complete them
Scope creep – gradual increases in project scopethat occur in small increments over timeScope creep – gradual increases in project scopethat occur in small increments over time
•A common problem in most projects becausenot all factors are accounted for at thebeginning of a project•A common problem in most projects becausenot all factors are accounted for at thebeginning of a project
Project Management SkillsProject Management Skills
Planning skillsPlanning skills
•Identify project stakeholders•Identify project stakeholders
•Acquire the right staff for the project•Acquire the right staff for the project
•Develop and manage project teams•Develop and manage project teams
Organizational skillsOrganizational skills
Communication skillsCommunication skills
Problem-solving skillsProblem-solving skills
Project Management PhasesProject Management Phases
Initiating phaseInitiating phase
•Conduct needs analysis•Conduct needs analysis
•Determine objectives, assumptions andconstraints•Determine objectives, assumptions andconstraints
•Create Statement Of Work (SOW)•Create Statement Of Work (SOW)
Planning phasePlanning phase
•Develop project schedule•Develop project schedule
•Assemble project team•Assemble project team
Project Management Phases(cont’d)Project Management Phases(cont’d)
Executing phaseExecuting phase
•Perform project tasks•Perform project tasks
Controlling phase (concurrent with executingphase)Controlling phase (concurrent with executingphase)
•Monitor progress and take corrective action asneeded•Monitor progress and take corrective action asneeded
Closing phaseClosing phase
•Evaluate schedule, budget, scope, resourcesand assignments•Evaluate schedule, budget, scope, resourcesand assignments
•Formal acceptance of project deliverable•Formal acceptance of project deliverable
Conflicts of InterestConflicts of Interest
During the controlling phase, conflicts ofinterest may occur when the project teamconsists of cross-departmental memberswhose reporting structures differDuring the controlling phase, conflicts ofinterest may occur when the project teamconsists of cross-departmental memberswhose reporting structures differ
The Project TriangleThe Project Triangle
Factors that affect every project:Factors that affect every project:
•Time•Time
•Money•Money
•Scope•Scope
You must determine how adjusting one factor willaffect the other two, and how quality will beaffected overallYou must determine how adjusting one factor willaffect the other two, and how quality will beaffected overall
Project Management SoftwareProject Management Software
Project schedules are stored in databasesProject schedules are stored in databases
Schedule information includes:Schedule information includes:
•A project start date•A project start date
•A project calendar•A project calendar
•Tasks and task durations•Tasks and task durations
•Project resources and their costs•Project resources and their costs
Use software to:Use software to:
•Track project progress and status•Track project progress and status
•Save plans of successful projects•Save plans of successful projects
Creating Project SchedulesCreating Project Schedules
Gantt chart – a horizontal bar chart that graphicallydisplays project tasks and durationsGantt chart – a horizontal bar chart that graphicallydisplays project tasks and durations
Task list
Gantt chart
Documenting ProjectsDocumenting Projects
Paper trailPaper trail
•Document which team members worked onwhat task, and when they started andcompleted them•Document which team members worked onwhat task, and when they started andcompleted them
Issues logIssues log
•Document and monitor problems that need tobe escalated to managers or executivesoutside the project team for resolution•Document and monitor problems that need tobe escalated to managers or executivesoutside the project team for resolution
Planning and SchedulingMeetingsPlanning and SchedulingMeetings
During the executing and controlling phases:During the executing and controlling phases:
•Schedule meetings with team membersto monitor progress•Schedule meetings with team membersto monitor progress
•Schedule meetings with stakeholdersand management around milestones toreview project status•Schedule meetings with stakeholdersand management around milestones toreview project status
•Avoid scope creep by managing requestsand changes at regular intervals•Avoid scope creep by managing requestsand changes at regular intervals
Reviewing ProjectsReviewing Projects
During the closing phase:During the closing phase:
•Test the product•Test the product
Client evaluates and accepts/rejects projectdeliverableClient evaluates and accepts/rejects projectdeliverable
•Evaluate performances•Evaluate performances
Review performances of team membersReview performances of team members
•Document lessons learned•Document lessons learned
Review what went well, what did not andwhat could be done differently to improveteam performanceReview what went well, what did not andwhat could be done differently to improveteam performance
Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance
Two techniques to ensure quality:Two techniques to ensure quality:
•Separation of duties – project teamwork inwhich team members review the work ofanother team member and vice versa•Separation of duties – project teamwork inwhich team members review the work ofanother team member and vice versa
•ISO 9000 standards – international benchmarkset by 148 countries for systemizing processesto help organizations produce products andservices that meet government regulationsand the quality standards set by customers•ISO 9000 standards – international benchmarkset by 148 countries for systemizing processesto help organizations produce products andservices that meet government regulationsand the quality standards set by customers
IT Business ImplicationsIT Business Implications
Organizational rules and policies – ITprojects are bound by the rules and policiesthat govern the organizationOrganizational rules and policies – ITprojects are bound by the rules and policiesthat govern the organization
IT professionals have the right to:IT professionals have the right to:
•Acquire the necessary tools toaccomplish their tasks•Acquire the necessary tools toaccomplish their tasks
•Receive clear, detailed objectives andinstructions so they can produce theproper deliverables•Receive clear, detailed objectives andinstructions so they can produce theproper deliverables
IT professionals have the responsibility to:IT professionals have the responsibility to:
•Provide services in a timely, cost-effective, secure manner•Provide services in a timely, cost-effective, secure manner
•Keep workflow interruptions and systemdowntime to a minimum•Keep workflow interruptions and systemdowntime to a minimum
IT Business Implications (cont’d)IT Business Implications (cont’d)
Effects of IT projects on productivityEffects of IT projects on productivity
•IT projects and decisions impact employeeproductivity because they affect systemsemployees use to do their jobs•IT projects and decisions impact employeeproductivity because they affect systemsemployees use to do their jobs
IT project Return On Investment (ROI)IT project Return On Investment (ROI)
•IT project managers must determine the riskand value of each project to justify whichprojects to preserve and which projects toeliminate•IT project managers must determine the riskand value of each project to justify whichprojects to preserve and which projects toeliminate
Project Management Institute(PMI)Project Management Institute(PMI)
Nonprofit member organization thatpublishes standards and offers educationregarding the project managementprofessionNonprofit member organization thatpublishes standards and offers educationregarding the project managementprofession
•Project Management Professional (PMP)– certification for project managers•Project Management Professional (PMP)– certification for project managers
•Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOK) – nine topic areas that defineproject management•Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOK) – nine topic areas that defineproject management
PMBOKPMBOK
Project integration managementProject integration management
Project scope managementProject scope management
Project time managementProject time management
Project cost managementProject cost management
Project quality managementProject quality management
Project human resource managementProject human resource management
Project communication managementProject communication management
Project risk managementProject risk management
Project procurement managementProject procurement management