Unit C 4-4: Identifying Plant Types and Uses

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Unit C 4-4:

Basic Principles ofAgricultural/Horticultural Science

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Lesson 4

Identifying Plant Types and Uses

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Next Generation/Common Core Standards Addressed!

MS‐LS1‐6. Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for the role ofphotosynthesis in the cycling of matter and flow of energy into and out oforganisms. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on tracing movement of matterand flow of energy.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include thebiochemical mechanisms of photosynthesis.]

MS‐LS2‐5. Evaluate competing design solutions for maintaining biodiversity andecosystem services.* [Clarification Statement: Examples of ecosystem servicescould include water purification, nutrient recycling, and prevention of soil erosion.Examples of design solution constraints could include scientific, economic, andsocial considerations.]

WHST.6‐8.2 Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and conveyideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, andanalysis of relevant content. (MS-LS1-6)

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Agriculture, Food and Natural Resource StandardsAddressed!

PS.02. Apply principles of classification, plant anatomy, and plantphysiology to plant production and management.

PS.02.01. Classify plants according to taxonomic systems.

Sample Measurement: The following sample measurement strandsare provided to guide the development of measurable activities (atdifferent levels of proficiency) to assess students’ attainment ofknowledge and skills related to the above performance indicator.The topics represented by each strand are not all-encompassing.

PS.02.01.01.a. Identify and summarize systems used to classifyplants based on specific characteristics.

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Bell Work!

Describe plant science and its threemajor areas.

Identify common field crops and theiruses.

Define horticultural crops and describetheir uses.

Describe forestry and forest products.

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Terms

Agronomy

Cereal grain

Crown

Fiber crops

Field crops

Floriculture

Food crophorticulture

Forest crops

Forestry

Grain crops

Horticultural crops

Interiorscaping

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Terms Continued

Landscapehorticulture

Oil crops

Olericulture

Ornamentalhorticulture

Plant science

Pomology

Sucrose

Sugar crops

Taxol

Tree farms

Trunk

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Plant Science and its three major areas

Plant Science – the study ofstructure, functions, growth, andprotection of plants.

3 areas of plant science:

Field Crops

Horticultural Crops

Forest Crops

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Field Crops

Plants grown in large fields usedfor oil, fiber, grain, and similarproducts.

They are often grown for theirseed, such as corn and wheat.

Agronomy: the specialized area ofplant science that deals with fieldcrops.

Horticultural Crops

Plants grown for food, comfort,and beauty.

In some cases, horticultureoverlaps with field crops.

However, in most cases,horticultural crops are notgrown on vast areas of land.

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Forest crops – production of trees

Forestry includes growing trees andthe production of wood, food, andmedicinal products.

Some forest crops are grown on treefarms or cultured forests.

Careful thought and planning goesinto the production of forest crops ontree farms.

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Common field crops and their uses

Grain crops

Sugar and oil crops

Fiber crops

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Grain Crops

Plants grown for their edible seeds,does not include horticultural crops.

Cereal grain is the seed of grass typeplants grown for food and animal feed.

Grain and cereal crops include rice,corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, andsorghum.

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Sugar and Oil Crops

Are produced for two importantcommodities:

sweeteners

vegetable oil.

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Sugar Crops – source of sucrose

Sucrose: commonly used astable sugar or as a sweetener infoods and beverages.

It is a carbohydrate that providesenergy for the human body.

The major sugar crops are sugarcane and sugar beets.

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Oil Crops

Plants grown for the vegetable oilcontained in their seeds and fruit.

The seeds of about 40 crops are usedto make oil.

Soybeans, corn, and cotton are themost common oil crops.

Other oil seeds include sunflowersand peanuts.

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Fiber Crops

Are grown for the fiber producedin their fruit, leaves, or stems.

Fibers are tiny, threadlikestructures used in making clothand paper.

Crops grown for fiber includecotton and flax

Cotton and Flax

Cotton is the major crop grown forfiber.

Flax is also grown for fiber.

It is the subject of considerableresearch because of its potential inmaking paper.

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Horticultural crops and their uses

Two major areas of Horticulture:

Ornamental

Food crop production

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Ornamental Horticulture

Growing and using plants for theirbeauty.

It includes:

floriculture

landscape horticulture.

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Floriculture

The production and use of plantsfor their flowers and foliage.

Roses and chrysanthemums areexamples of floriculture crops.

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Landscape Horticulture

Growing and using plants to make theoutdoor environment more appealing.

It includes shrubs, lawns, and floweringplants.

Interiorscaping: using plants indoors tocreate an attractive environment.

Offices and malls often use plants toincrease the appeal of their surroundings.

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Food crop horticulture

Growing plants for food.

Is divided into two areas:

Olericulture

Pomology

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Olericulture

The science of producing vegetablecrops like tomatoes, peppers,asparagus, and broccoli.

It is carried out on a large scale inwarmer areas of the country likeSouth Florida, Texas, and California.

In New Mexico most commercialvegetable production takes in the lowerRio Grande valley in the Las Cruces,Hatch and Deming area.

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Pomology

The science of producing fruits andnuts.

It includes growing, harvesting, andmarketing the crop.

Common pomology crops includeoranges, lemons, apples, cherries,pecans, and walnuts.

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Forestry

The art and science of managingforests to yield maximum forestproducts and services.

It is the managing of forest lands tomeet human needs.

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Forest Products - Crown

The crown of the tree is the upperportion of the tree.

The crown produces such itemsas fruits and nuts, decorations,and oils.

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Forest Products - Trunk

The trunk is the main stem of the tree. It isused in producing lumber and other woodproducts.

The tree’s bark is also used in producingoils, dyes, and drugs.

The bark of the Pacific Yew is used inmaking the drug taxol, which holdspromise in treating cancer.

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Forest Products – Stumps/Roots

Tree stumps are used in makingveneer wood products.

They are also used in producingturpentine, pine oil, and resin.

Tree roots are used in theproduction of tea, oil, andturpentine.

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Review / Summary

What are the three major areas ofplant science?

What are the uses of common fieldcrops?

What are the uses of horticulturalcrops?

What are common products that arederived from trees?

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The End!