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Hole’s Human
Anatomy and Physiology
Hole’s Human
Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 6Skin and the Integumentary System
Chapter 6Skin and the Integumentary System
 Composed of Several Tissues
 Maintains Homeostasis
 Protective Covering
 Retards Water Loss
 Regulates Body Temperature
 
Houses Sensory Receptors
Contains Immune System Cells
Synthesizes Chemicals
Excretes Small Amounts Of Waste
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Layers of the Skin
 
 
                 Epidermis
                     Dermis
 Subcutaneous Layer
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Epidermis
Keratinized StratifiedSquamous Epithelium
Lacks Blood Vessels
Thickest on Palms AndSoles
Melanocytes ProvideMelanin
Rests on BasementMembrane
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Epidermis
Layers Of Epidermis
 Stratum Corneum
 Stratum Lucidum
 Stratum Granulosum
 Stratum Spinosum
 Stratum Basale
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Average 1-2mm Thick
Dermal Papillae
Binds Epidermis toUnderlying Tissues
Irregular DenseConnective Tissue
Muscle Cells
Nerve Cell Processes
Blood Vessels
Hair Follicles
Glands
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Dermis
Hypodermis
Loose ConnectiveTissue
Adipose Tissue
Insulates
Major Blood Vessels
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Subcutaneous Layer
Hair Follicles
 Epidermal Cells
 Tube-like Depression
 Extends into Dermis
 Hair Root
 Hair Shaft
 Hair Papilla
 Dead Epidermal Cells
 Melanin
 Arrector Pili Muscle
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ttp://www.dermweb.com/hairnailsmucousmembranes/graphics/jpegs/hairfolliclediagram.jpg
ttp://www.keracyte.com/images/anagen.jpg
Nails
ProtectiveCoverings
Nail Plate
Nail Bed
Lunula
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Sebaceous Glands
UsuallyAssociated withHair Follicles
HolocrineGlands
Secrete Sebum
Absent on Palmsand Soles
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Sweat Glands
Sudoriferous Glands
Widespread In Skin
Deeper Dermis
Or Hypodermis
Eccrine Glands
Apocrine Glands
Ceruminous Glands
Mammary Glands
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Regulation Of Body Temperature
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Problems In Temperature Regulation
Hyperthermia  Abnormally High Body Temperature
Hypothermia  Abnormally Low Body Temperature
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Genetic Factors
 Varying Amounts Of Melanin
 Varying Size Of Melanin Granules
 Albinos Lack Melanin
Environmental Factors
 Sunlight   X Rays
 UV Light From Sunlamps
Physiological Factors
 Dilation of Dermal Blood Vessels
 Constriction of Dermal Blood Vessels
 Carotene
 Jaundice
Genetic Factors
 Varying Amounts Of Melanin
 Varying Size Of Melanin Granules
 Albinos Lack Melanin
Environmental Factors
 Sunlight   X Rays
 UV Light From Sunlamps
Physiological Factors
 Dilation of Dermal Blood Vessels
 Constriction of Dermal Blood Vessels
 Carotene
 Jaundice
Skin Color
Healing Of Cuts
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Healing Of Burns
First Degree Burn  SuperficialPartial-thickness
Second Degree Burn
Deep Partial-thickness
Third Degree Burn – Full-thickness
Autograft
Homograft
Various Skin Substitutes
Extensive Scars
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ttp://www.glenoaks.edu/facultystaff/FacultyWebSites/hartung/PublishingImages/Skin/Skin%20model-2%20burns%20labeled.jpg
Rule Of Nines
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Life Span Changes
Scaly Skin
Age Spots
Dermis Becomes Reduced
Loss of Fat
Wrinkles
Sagging
Sebaceous Glands Secrete Less Oil
Melanin  Production Slows
Hair Thins
Number of Hair Follicles Decrease
Impaired Nail Growth
Sensory Receptors Decline
Inability to Control Body Temperature
Less Vitamin D Production
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Clinical Application
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Acne Vulgaris
Most Common Skin Disorder
Sebum And Epithelial Cells Clog Glands
Produces Whiteheads And Blackheads(Comedones)
Anaerobic Bacteria Trigger Inflammation(Pimple)
Largely Hormonally Induced
Androgens Stimulate Sebum Production
Treatments Include Antibiotics, Topical Creams,Birth Control Pills
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