Cell Discovery

CELL STRUCTURE

Jan Homolak, 2nd year

School of Medicine, Zagreb 4/28/2014

Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

The CellDiscovery

The CellTheory

The CellTypesParts ofthe Cell

Cella = small room

http://www.academyofwine.com/storage/articles/christine_cork/Cork%20Cells%20Magnified_400wide.jpg

Cell Discovery

Robert Hooke- observed a thin slice ofcork (dead plant cells)

Microphagia- described what heobserved as “littleboxes” (cells)

1665

https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/OHcksAWhBdwRoSSfcO-KFoRcUYxInS5EnXdnH5dscYXP7ALlOieEu0BlhiU-2G1E4RLVXPgwWeYLkJy3gMsX_zMwXAUbup56zV1oZH-RP-pYk-l3-ohOYf620A

http://static.bbc.co.uk/solarsystem/img/ic/640/scientists/robert_hooke/robert_hooke_large.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cork_Micrographia_Hooke.png/220px-Cork_Micrographia_Hooke.png

Anton vanLeeuwenhoek

first person toobserve living cells

1675

http://hzwms.dyndns.org/Structure_Function/lew_microscope.jpg

leeuwenhoek

Cell Theory

ALL LIVING THINGSARE COMPOSED OF

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jT89WkLDld8/UELZ-hAORkI/AAAAAAAAPmY/NE_5Xhze60w/s1600/Animal-Cell.jpg

basic units ofstructure and function

come only fromexisting cells

Matthias Schleiden (1838)-all plants are composed of cells

Theodor Schwann (1839)- all animals are composed of cells

Rudolph Virchow (1855)- cells come only from other cells

schleiden

schwann

rudolf_virchow

???

•The largest cell in the human body?

•The smallest cell in the human body?

•The largest cell on earth?

•The smallest cell?

•which cell is the most abundant in the humanbody?There are more bacterial cells in the body than human cells.

the female ovum

male sperm (175,000 sperm cellsweigh as much as a single egg cell)

an ostrich egg

a tiny bacteria

Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes

•Animals

•Plants

•Fungi

•Bacteria

http://www.bacterialphylogeny.com/img/eukaryotes/prokaryotes_eukaryotes.GIF

true nucleus

Parts of the Cell

•taking food

•transforming food into energy

•getting rid of wastes

•reproducing

Cell Membrane

•Structure:- phospholipid bilayer- proteins:- channels- markers- receptors

•Function: “selectively permeable boundarybetween the cell and the external environment”

cellmemb

Nucleus

•Structure: a sphere

•Function:-storage center of cell DNA-manages cell functions

http://previewcf.turbosquid.com/Preview/2010/12/04__22_20_00/nucleus-c-01.jpgda249f91-073d-43a8-a224-cd4818a6a0e9Larger.jpg

http://www.wallpaperno.com/thumbnails/detail/20121102/star%20wars%20movies%20death%20star%201600x1200%20wallpaper_www.wallpaperno.com_88.jpg

Cytoplasm

•Structure:- gelatin-like fluid- inside the cell membrane

•Function:-contains salts, minerals, and organicmolecules

-surrounds the organelles

http://www.breast-cancer.ca/images/cytoplasm-illustration.jpg

Cytoskeleton

•Structure:-network of thin, fibrous elementsmicrotubulesmicrofilaments (actin)

•Function:-support system-maintains cell shape

Ribosomes

•Structure:-two subunits made of protein and RNA

•Function:-protein synthesis

ribosome

Endoplasmic Reticulum

•Structure:-a system of membranous tubules and sacs

•Function:-”intercellular highway”

rough endoplasmicreticulum

smooth endoplasmicreticulum

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

•Covered with ribosomes

•Protein synthesis and export

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

•Synthesis of lipids and breakdown of toxicsubstances

Golgi Apparatus

•Structure:-stacked flat sacs

•Function:-distribution of received proteins(to other organelles or out of the cell)

(receiving, processing,packaging, and shipping)

Mitochondria

•Structure:-folded membrane within an outer membrane

•Function:- energy conversion (food -> ATP)

Lysosomes

•Structure:-spherical organelles

•Function:-contain hydrolytic enzymes

Peroxisomes

•Structure:-spherical organelles

•Function:-degrade hydrogen peroxide(toxic metabolic compound)

peroxisomes

Centrioles

•Structure:-nine sets of triplet microtubules-arranged in a ring

•Function:-cell division (mitosis)

Untitled1