Phoenicians, Lydians,
& Hebrews
The PhoeniciansThe Phoenicians
3000
BC
–
First
settlements
1100
BC
–
After
domination
by
Egyptians
&
Hittites
Phoenician
cities
gain
independence
814
BC
-
Carthage
founded
790+/-BC
–Conquered
by
Assyria
612
BC
–
Falls
to
Chaldeans
(Nebuchadnezzar)
600BC
-
Phoenician
seafarers
circumnavigate
Africa
539
BC
–
Conquered
by
Persia
333
BC
–
Conquered
by
Alexander
the
Great
64
BC
-
Conquered
by
Romans,
term
Phoenicia
no
longer
used
The PhoeniciansThe Phoenicians
Government
–
Independent
City
States,
loosely
united
Achievements
–
-
Superb
Traders
Developed
colonies
across
the
Mediterranean
Carthage,
Cadiz,
Sicily,
Sardinia,
etc.
Major
natural
resource
–Lebanon
Cedar
Skilled
artisans
in
Gold
&
Silver
Invented
art
of
glassblowing
From
a
shellfish
developed
a
purple
dye
whose
color
became
known
as
“Royal
Purple”
Exported
wine,
linen,
olive
oil,
&
dried
fish
The PhoeniciansThe Phoenicians
Achievements – cont’d
Culture:
Imitated other cultures (cultural diffusion)
Patterned customs & gov’t after Egyptians & Babylonians
RELIGION: Believed in no afterlife, were polytheistic
It was the model for Western alphabets:
adopted by the Greeks
trade spread it through Mediterranean area
later copied by Romans
It was the model for Western alphabets:
adopted by the Greeks
trade spread it through Mediterranean area
later copied by Romans
Located on the West coast of Asia Minor (modern day Turkey)
Known as the first people to coin money (around 600BC)
Used barter system previously
So, why is this important?
So, why is this important?
So What!?
So
What!?
Ancestors of modern day Israeli’s and Jew’s
First great leader Abraham born in Sumer
Abraham lead his people to Canaan (no naturaldefenses, easily conquered
Descendants of Abraham (Jacob, Joseph) moved intoEgypt (Land of Goshen)
Fell out of favor with Egyptians, Moses leadHebrews through wilderness (Sinai Peninsula)
Finally back to Canaan
While in the wilderness . . .
Moses received the Ten Commandments
Moral laws governing moral conduct
Ethical monotheism
What other written code for behavior have
we studied?
What are the similarities?
Differences?
What other written code for behavior have
we studied?
What are the similarities?
Differences?
Government:
Monarchy –Saul was the first King
Subdivisions – Twelve Tribes – determined byheredity
Capital – Jerusalem (United Kingdom)
King David – Succeeded Saul, made Jerusalem capital,
established dynasty
King Solomon – son of David, built royal palace, great Temple
After Solomon’s reign Kingdom divided when 10 tribes revolted
Northern Kingdom – Israel; Capital - Samaria
Southern Kingdom – Judah: Capital - Jerusalem
722 BC- Assyrians conquered Samaria, Hebrews not
slaughtered were deported to Assyria as slaves
587 BC – Chaldeans, under Nebuchadnezzar, conquered
Judah, destroyed the capital, including the Temple,
and enslaved the Hebrews.
538 BC – Persian King Cyrus conquers Chaldeans, allows
Hebrews to return to Israel/Judah
Old Testament:
Book of religious beliefs (creation of the world, special
mission of Hebrews, history, etc.)
TORAH- First 5 books of Old Testament, lists Hebrew
code of laws. Named for Moses, called MOSIAC LAW.
“Eye for an Eye” but with greater value for human life.