Ankle and Lower Leg

Athletic TrainingFoot, Ankle and Lower Leg

Mr. Brewer

Bones of the Foot

•The Bones of the foot can be broken downinto three categories (from distal toproximal).

–1. The Phalanges (Toes)

–2. The Metatarsals (Mid-foot)

–3. The Tarsals

Bones of the Foot

•Phalanges - “toes” and also“fingers” in the hand.

•The Great Toe has 2 phalanges.

•The other 4 toes all have 3phalanges.

•Distal, Middle and Proximalphalanges.

Bones of the Foot

Metatarsals:

-1st Metatarsal is the longbone on the medial side ofthe foot.

-5th Metatarsal is the longbone on the lateral side ofthe foot.

Bones of the Foot

•Tarsals:

–Cuneiforms(3)

•Medial,Intermediateand Lateral

–Cuboid

–Navicular

–Calcaneus

–Talus

Bones of the Lower Leg

•Tibia – The larger ofthe two lower legmuscles in both size andin regards to weightbearing.

(Up to ~94% attimes, dependingon foot position.)

•Fibula - With the anklejoint in neutral position,the weight distributionto the fibula amountedto 6.4%.

Lateral and Medial Malleolus

The distal portions ofboth the tibia and fibulaform the Medial andLateral Malleolus.

-Medial Malleolus =Distal Tibia

-Lateral Malleolus =Distal Fibula

Bones of the Foot and Lower Leg

Ligaments of the Foot and Ankle

Lateral Ankle:

-Anterior TaloFibularLigament (ATF)

-CalcaneoFibular Ligament(CF)

-Posterior TaloFibularLigament (PTF)

Medial Ankle

The Deltoid Ligament:

-A combination of 3 ligaments that make up for avery strong group of ligaments in the medialankle.

-A very difficult ligament to sprain.

Syndesmotic Joint

There are 2 majorligaments that holdthe Tibia and Fibulatogether down at theankle joint.

•AnteriorTibiofibular joint(inferior)

•PosteriorTibiofibular joint(inferior)

Joints of the Lower Leg and Foot

Talocrural Joint – “The Ankle Joint”

- Joint made up of the tibia, fibula andtalus.

- Hinge Joint that is responsible forplatarflexion and dorsiflexion.

Subtalar Joint –

- Joint located “under” the Talus.

- Made up of Talus and Calcaneus.

- This joint allows for unique movements on aslanted axis.

Arches

Medial Longitudinal Arch –

-The highest of the 3 arches.

-Composed of the calcaneus, talus, cuneiforms and thefirst 3 metatarsals.

Lateral Longitudinal Arch –

-Lower and flatter arch.

-Composed of the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, 4th and 5thmetatarsals.

Transverse Arch –

-The 3rd arch of the foot runs medial <-> lateral.

-Composed of cuneiforms, cuboid, and the 5thmetatarsal bone.

Arches Cont’d