Installing the Network
Chapter 11
Release 16/7/2009
Chapter Objectives
Explain the need of structured cabling
Identify cables and different types of connectors
Work with different types of cables
Identify closets, conduits and cable tray
Install racks and manage cables
Work with modular outlets
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Recall - I
Repeater is a device that is used to regenerate signals
Bridges are used to connect multiple LAN segments
Types of bridges are:
Transparent bridge
Translational bridge
Source-route bridge
The static and dynamic are two types of router
Types of hubs are:
Passive hub
Active hub
Intelligent hub
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Recall - II
Switch is the device with filtering and forwarding feature
The different methods used by switches to send dataare:
Cut-through method
Store and forward method
Fragment-free method
Gateway provides interconnection between differentnetworks and translation service
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Structured Cabling
Comprises of cables and associated hardware parts
Provides an organized way of low voltage wiring
Transmits data that is built in structured form
Need of structured cabling:
Consistency – Standard cabling systems for Data, voiceand video
Cost Reduction – Reduces the cost by reducing thenumber of cables
Troubleshooting – Isolates and fixes the problem
Mobility – Network resources are portable
Supports upgrading – Supports future applications
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Design Considerations of StructuredCabling
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Structured Cabling - II
Design Considerations of structured cabling
Entrance Facilities – Connects the building with theoutside world
Equipment Room – Serves the users within the room
Telecommunications Room – Accommodates thecabling system equipment
Backbone Cabling – Interconnectstelecommunications room, equipments room andentrance facilities
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Structured Cabling - III
Design Considerations of structured cabling
Horizontal Cabling – Extends from the work areatelecommunications outlet to telecommunicationscloset
Work Area – Components extend from thetelecommunications outlet to the stations equipment
Cable Administration – Involves logical numberingscheme that can be applied to all the cables, outlets,patch cables and even control systems
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Cable Distance – I
Horizontal Cabling Distance
horizontal cabling distance is 99 meters (TIA/EIA-568A)
6 meters of patch cable
90 meters horizontal (routed in the wall)
3 meters of station cable
99 meters total (rounded off to 100 meters)
Backbone cable Distance
Depends on type of cable being used and on itslocation
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Pulling Cables - I
While dealing with structured cabling you have topull out the cables from some conduits and punchdown the free end of the cable
Conduits are PVC or flexible plastic pipes used toorganize the cables
Pull twine through the conduits
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Pulling cables - II
Elements
required for
pulling cables
Fish Tape
Twine
Conduits
Scale and
Tape
Patch Panel
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Pulling Cable Tools
Fish Tape
Twine
Conduit
Scale &Tape
Patch Panel
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Cables
Two or more wires bound together, in protectivejacket or sheath
Different types of cables:
Twisted pair cable
Coaxial cable
Optical fiber cable
Shielded and Unshielded cable
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Cable Connectors – I
Part of cable which plugs into port or interface toconnect one device to another
Connectors: Male and Female
DB-15 connectors - Commonly used on electronic andcomputer equipment
RJ45 Connectors – Used in networking to connectcomputer to network card
BNC Coaxial Connectors – Used with coaxial cablesor used with Ethernet system
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Cable Connectors – II
210 Patch Plug – Uses internal pair isolation, pair-to-pair compensation and layered contacts
Token-Ring Data Connector – Used on end of ashielded twisted pair cable
Distinguishing Wires
Color coding makes identification each wire or pair ofwires in the cable easier
Tip and ring – Identifies plus wire and minus wire
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Show distinguishing wire from CBT
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Cabling Tools and show it from CBT
Used in networking to work with wires or devices orto connect wires and devices to each other
Different tools used are:
Punchdown Tools
RJ45 Crimping Tool
Coaxial Cable Crimping Tool
Pin Crimping Tool
Cable stripper
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Working with Cables – I and show fromCBT
Installation works in three stages:
Running cable from central point to the room
Wall jacks are mounted and cables ended into jacks
Wire cables from the central end to switchboard
Color Coding
Helps to classify different types of wires
Patch cable and cross over cable can be differentiatedon the basis of colour coding
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Working with Cables – II
Tools and materials required for crimping cable:
RJ45 Crimping Tool
Wire stripper
Wire cutter
RJ-45 plugs
Cat-5 UTP cables
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Working with Cables – III
Straight through Cable
Same pin out connections at bothends
Used to connect dissimilar devices
Crossover Cable
Modify pin out connectionsat one end
Used to connect similar typesof devices
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Show crimping cables from CBT
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Show modular outlet from CBT
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Working with Cables – IV
Weak Link
Mostly, weakest link is the station cable, which runsfrom wall to desktop
Information Outlet
Protect horizontal wiring from physical handling thatcables receive
Keep installation neat and eliminate unsightly snakepit of unused cables coiled on floor
Station Cable
Runs between information outlet
and network node e.g. PC
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RJ45 Modular Outlet
Device used to connect shielded or unshieldedcables
Acts as extension where wires are fixed on theeither side of modular connector
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Grounding
Two wires that come from the transformer are calledthe hot wires usually RED in color and neutral wirein BLACK
A large building requires more than one earthground and the earth ground between two buildingsis different in different situations
Fiber optic cable is the best option to link buildings
Power grounding problems are two types: open orhigh resistance ground or an abnormal pulse orcondition between power conductors
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Closet
Main point in an organization where major networking cablingcome together
Equipment in a wiring closet includes:
Patch panels for vertical wiring
Patch panels for horizontal wiring
Wiring hubs
Uninterruptible Power Supplies
Types of wiring closets:
Intermediate Distribution Frames (IDF) – at least one IDFper floor for a multi storey building
Main Distribution Frame (MDF) – where the inside cableplant meets the outside world’s connectivity. All IDFsthroughout building are connected to MDF in a star topology
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Closet Details
Typical equipment in a wiring closet are:
Backbone wiring cross-connect device
Horizontal wiring cross-connect device
Patch cables
Wiring hubs
Backup power for wiring hubs
Router and modems
Access server
Fire Sprinkler System
The layout for the equipments in a wiring closet are puton the wall or in an equipment rack
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Cross-Connect Devices - I
Make easy to configure horizontal and backbonewiring
Terminates cable or group of cables
Adaptability is easy when the organization growsyear after year
In data networks – Small cross-connect device willterminate backbone cable and make it available forconnection to wiring hub
In wiring hub – Larger cross-connect device willterminate horizontal wiring before it enters hub
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Cross-Connect Devices - II
66M PunchDown Block
Patch Panel
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Cabinets and Racks – I show this fromCBT
Patch panels and wiring hubs can mount on wall inbrackets, stand in racks or reside in full cabinetsthat are racks with doors
If small installation – Mount patch panels andwiring hubs on wall
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Cabinets and Racks - II
DistributionRack
FullEquipmentCabinet
Rack
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Neat Cables show from CBT
Used to avoid damage to cable pairs and used to tiethe cables
Ties come in many sizes and materials
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Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)
Equip network file serverswith backup power
Allow wiring hubs to gowithout power duringpower failure
VA system is moreaccurate than wattagerating
As a quick rule of thumbchoose your UPS with VArating at least two timesthe wattage ratingconsumption
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Conduits
Plastic pipes that run through wall plate between wiringclosets
If space left:
Used to pull a new cable
Used as replacement for a bad one
For added capacity
New conduit should have a piece of string used to pull the cablein future
Fish tape
An equipment which is part of any installers toolbox
Consists of a reel of wire stiff enough to push its way through theconduit
When pulling through conduit ensure the power is turned off forthose wires
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Cable Trays show this from CBT
Provide large cable system
Wire rack designed to carry the weight of the cables
Common in modern wiring closets and in buildinginfrastructure spaces such as basements, airshafts,and ceiling
Point to note when cables run inside ceilings andwalls
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Configuring Backbone Cable
Backbone wiring is also known as vertical wiring
TIA/EIA standard suggests that the backbone system should bea star configuration
Wiring closet that contain patch and cross-connect panels whichconnect to horizontal wiring
Backbone wiring link each wiring closet to cross-connect point or(MDF)
Locating the closet
Different parameters to keep in mind when going for closet
Backbone Cable
Modern installations use UTP or fiber-optic cable for thebackbone
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Installation of Racks and show form CBT
Explains how to place networking equipments andaccumulate different small equipment on the plate ofthe rack
Factors to be considered while installing the rack:
Location to install the rack
Installation holes marking
Installation of the rack nuts
Mount the different rails onto the rack
Mount the different devices onto the rack
One U equals 1.75 inches
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Managing Cables
Cables:
Should not run over desk
Should not be entangled
To manage cables:
Free space on the desk where the cables will run
Holes at top of desk
Mount to protect cables
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Wire Manager
Used to mange wires that are common to one place
Tools used to manage wires:
Cable ties
Conduits
Twines
Cable manager
Labels
Spiral wraps
Unitags
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Labeling Cables
Used to identify path of the cables
Distinct color and pattern of code of cable labelhelps identify cables
Labels can be written with a pen or a pencil
Cables labeled using Label templates
Administrator has to label the outlet at the work areaand fix the patch panel with the same number whenmaking network connection
Labels on Outlet
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Case Study 1
The network administrator of the Mumbai branch ofMoneyMaker bank is facing difficulties inmaintaining the network. In case the network goesdown due to some hardware failure, identifying thesource of the problem and troubleshooting it is verytime consuming. The layout of the network has notbeen changed since the time it was set up.
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Problem
The maintenance and troubleshooting of the networkis problematic and time consuming
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Solution
Deploy a dedicated closet
Use full equipment cabinet
Use rack and configure the hardware
Use appropriate cable and crimp the cable
Define maximum backbone cable length andhorizontal cable length
Use different wire manager
Use modular outlet and I/O plate
Use third party hardware monitoring or thetroubleshooting devices
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Summary - I
Structured cabling system is a set of cabling whichinterconnects different equipments in anorganization in a structured manner
Cable connectors are used to connect the cables
Cabling tolls are helpful to make connectionbetween the cable and the connector
Colour Code helps to identify the types of wires
Cat5 cables are punched into Information outlet (IO)as per the colour coding
Jack Panel is used to connect horizontal cabling tonetwork
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Summary - II
Straight through cables have the pin outconnections similar at both the ends
Cross over cable change the pin out connections atone end
Installing the rack explains how to place networkingequipments and accumulate different smallequipment on the tray of the rack
Wire manager can organize the disorganized cablesand makes it easy to access
Labeling the cables help you to identify the path ofthe cables and makes the troubleshooting easy
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