Exploring SQL ServerData Tier Applications
Bob Beauchemin
Developer Skills Partner
SQLskills
DBI309
Agenda
Data-Tier Applications And Multi-Server Management And SQL Azure Database And Visual Studio/SQL Server Data Tools Working with DACs, DACPACs, and BACPACs Creating/Extracting and Deconstructing DACPACs Deployment Initial deployment Upgrade Import and Export - BACPAC
First, Some Terms
DAC Encompasses all other names and concepts DACFx The DAC Framework, DLLs DACPAC The file format used by DACFx that contains the full declarative definition of a database schema. Best analogy: an MSI. BACPAC The file format used by DACFx to contain the definition of an application/database schema as well as its (table) data.
What Does It Do?
SQL Server Data Tools/DACFx features include: Building a DACPAC from a set of T-SQL scripts Extracting a DACPAC from a database Deploying a DACPAC to a new database Incrementally upgrading an existing database schema via DACPAC Exporting a BACPAC from an existing database Importing a BACPAC to a new/empty database Schema comparison Online Database Development Tools
What's The Point?
Provides services around SQL Server Database extraction and packaging File formats are SQL Server version-independent DAC features enable Managed database application lifecycle Schema and data portability
What Problem Does It Solve?
Meant to simplify deployment across SQL Server release/version differences Features, T-SQL dialect SQL Azure vs. SQL Server T-SQL dialect, other differences Others… Migrating database between instances On Prem => SQL Azure and back or between On Prem
DAC Scenarios
A Quick DAC History
DAC 1.0 SQL Server 2008 R2 Utility VS 2010 SP1 DAC Project DAC 1.1 – Upgrade in Place DAC 2.0 – Object support for SQL Azure, BACPAC DAC 3.0 SQL Server 2012/SQL Server Data Tools Object support for SQL Server 2005-above, SQL Azure
DACFx 3.0 in SSMS 2012
On SQL Server or SQL Azure node in Object Explorer Databases Folder Deploy (from DACPAC) Import (from BACPAC) Local file system or Windows Azure storage Individual Databases/Tasks Extract Migrate Database to Azure (using BACPAC) Export (to BACPAC) Local file system or Windows Azure storage Register Upgrade Delete (Unregister)
Consumers
DACFx 3.0 is used by SQL Server Management Studio 2012 SQL Server Data Tools (SSDT) SqlPackage.exe DACFx Managed API DACFx is also used by SQL Azure Management Portal SQL Azure Import/Export Service SQL Server Utility (3.0 in SQL Server 2012)
Creating a DACPAC
From an existing database SSMS 2008 R2 and above Choose "Extract Data-Tier Application" from database Also available from SqlPackage.exe or DACFX API DAC v3.0 support built-in to SQL Server Data Tools project In VS 2010 Professional +/VS2012 Populate project from existing database or DACPAC file Populate project from DDL scripts Start from empty project .dacpac file is build output of SSDT project
Permitted Objects
DAC 3.0 – Full SQL Server/Azure domain supported DAC 2.0 – all SQL Azure-compatible objects supported DAC 1.0/1.1 supports Tables, Views, and Indexes Multiple schemas supported Includes constraints, collations, computed columns Sprocs, Functions, DML Triggers (in T-SQL) Logins (deployed to Master), Users, Roles User-defined Table Types Includes UDDT
Data-Tier Application Elements
Application properties (appname, version, and desc.) Database object definitions Instance-level object definitions (logins, collations, compatibility level) Server-selection policy (pre-3.0) Pre/post-deployment scripts .dacpac is a OPC package Contains multiple XML files Does not contain any user data
DAC File Changes in v3.0
In DAC 2.0 BACPAC added BACPAC is DAC files + data (compressed JSON format) In DAC 3.0 Filenames/streams were refactored Different XML Schema for moldel.xml and other streams
Supported Versions
SQL Server Version
DAC Feature
2000
2005
2008
2008 R2
2012
Azure
Extract DAC
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Deploy DAC
No
SP4
SP2
Yes
Yes
Yes
Delete DAC
No
SP4
SP2
Yes
Yes
Yes
Register DAC
No
SP4
SP2
Yes
Yes
Yes
Upgrade DAC
No
SP4
SP2
Yes
Yes
No
Import BACPAC
No
SP4
SP2*
Yes*
Yes*
Yes*
Export BACPAC
No
SP4
SP2*
Yes*
Yes*
Yes*
SSMS Support
No
No
No
Yes(DAC v1)
Yes
Yes (2008 R2, 2012)
* BACPAC supported with SQL Server 2012 SSMS and SSDT
Working with DAC
SSDT Schema Compare can compare DACPACs Compare .dacpac to another .dacpac or to existing database/database project SSDT available as a free web download Standalone or integrates into existing VS2010 Pro or above installation Support for headless environment: Install DAC tools without SSDT IDE Install DACFramework.msi and dependencies form SQL Server 2012 Feature Pack Install SSDTBuildUtilities.msi for MSBuild/TeamBuild support
Working With DAC
Encapsulated in a set of libraries Legacy utility library is Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Dac.dll DACFx 3.0 assembly is Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.dll Pre-requisites T-SQL ScriptDom Microsoft SQLCLR Types
Initial Deployment
Supply name of instance for deployment Provide a database name Set the publish options you want Publish DACPAC Database and objects are created Database options are defined by the package
Registering Data-Tier Applications
Registering a DAC requires db_owner or better
Managing Data-Tier Applications
Entries made in msdb for installed DACs Stored in master on SQL Azure Must back up Database for DAC msdb Modifying database name or deleting database will destroy association with dac history entries No further upgrade via DAC No utilization reports in SQL Server Utility
Upgrading Data-Tier Applications
Upgrade Data-Tier Application Wizard Changes schema and properties of deployed applications New database created with new schema DAC v1.0 - Data is migrated Original database set to read-only Both databases then renamed Must consider space usage DAC V1.1+ – Upgrade in place Alter script generated at install time DBAs can save the script and customize
Database Drift
Detects changes to registered DAC database since last deployment/registration Allows changes to be incorporated into a new .dacpac or dropped SSDT Schema Compare helps merge these changes into a database of project
DACFx and SQL Azure
DACFx v3.0 supports full surface area of SQL Azure In SQL Azure DAC information stored in SQL Azure master database Can Publish to SQL Azure from SSMS, SSDT or SqlPackage.exe Used also by SQL Azure Portal
Additional DAC Operations
DAC 2.0+ can back up and move schema and data Schema and data format known as BACPAC Data included in compressed JSON format DACFX exposes Import and Export methods Accessible in PowerShell/SqlPackage.exe/API SQL Azure portal Import/Export Export BACPAC to local or Windows Azure Storage Import BACPAC from local or Windows Azure Storage SSMS 2012 can export/import database using BACPAC
DACFx v3.0
DACFX v3.0 consumed by SSDT and SSMS 2012 Target-specific model validation of database project performed at build time SSDT supports incremental update and publish scenarios SSDT output is v3.0 DACPAC SqlPackage.exe - command-line tool for DAC verbs
DACFx 3.0
In DACFx 3.0 APIs updated to work with full range of DAC verbs Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac namespace Primary actions contained in DacServices class (not DacStore) Verbs to Create and Deploy DACPACs/BACPACs Generate T-SQL incremental update scripts Generate XML Drift and Deployment reports
Summary
DAC is a package format for database schema management 2.0 and above also can contain data Used for Managing database schema Moving database data Used with SSMS, VS, SSDT, SQL Azure Portals Functionality depends on Tool version Database version DACPAC/BACPAC version
References
SSDT Blog - http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ssdt/ Using Data Tier Applications to Move and Manage SQL Azure Databases, SQL Server Magazine, Jan 2012 Data-tier Application SSDT: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/data/gg427686 SQL Server 2012 Docs http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee210546
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© 2012 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.